Events in History from 1820-1850 Essay -- American History

The period from 1820 to 1850 was a time where several important and diversified events in American history occurred. This period was a period of extreme reform. There were many conflicts during this period in which brought about great change. Such conflicts include the Gibbons vs. Ogden, Erie Canal, American Temperance Society, David Walker’s Appeal, Anti-slavery society, Sack of Lawrence, and the Dred Scott Decision. All of these events had one goal, to make the society a better, improved place for everyone, both in the North and South. Inside three people’s lives: free black man, slave women and a middle class white woman, none of them actually had the freedom and rights as opposed to today. If a middle class white woman was married, her life was controlled by her husband. She had no property rights and could not vote. The free black man could own property and vote in many states outside the South. The slave woman had no rights at all. Her "master" could rape her and she could do nothing about it. The economies of each region (North and South) at the time where really only similar in the way they were expanding and growing stronger. One way the two regions differed in economics was in the base of the economy. For example, the South’s economy was based on cotton farming, while the North’s economy was based on manufacturing. Because the South did not manufacture goods, they were forced to purchase finished products from the North- thus adding to the North’s economy. With the South’s money they would acquire cotton from the southern states. Also, in the South, there were little job opportunities for whites since slaves had the jobs in the field, unlike the North where jobs were abundant in factories for the unskilled workers. Many... ...made today. The period between 1820 and 1850 was an interlude of great reform. The conflicts discussed in this phase were crucial in the developments, such as the development of the political party Democrats lead by Andrew Jackson in 1832 and the Whig Party in 1836 showing resistance to Andrew Jackson’s ideas. Though the era did include of opposition in both the parties, but their ultimate goal was to make the society a better, improved place for the citizens, which did eventually occur. Works Cited †¢ Boyer, Paul S. "Chapter 14: From Compromise to Secession." The Enduring Vision: a History of the American People. Boston, MA: Wadsworth Cengage Learning, 2009. 412-42. Print. †¢ Harding, Vincent. 1981, There Is A River: The Black Struggle for Freedom in America. Vintage Books †¢ Nichols, Alice. "Bleeding Kansas." New York: Oxford University Press, 1954.

Life and Times of Louise Arbour

There is much to be said about this woman who has been working on the side of justice since 1971. Critics are omnipresent, but in the case of Louise Arbour, the simplest of facts sing loudly of her praises. This once young girl attended a convent school, pushed herself through college and University of Montreal, only to embark on an extraordinary journey of justice. Louise Arbour is a Canadian who makes a difference as a UN Commissioner, as a judge for the Supreme Court, and through her role in the Kingston Penitentiary Inquiry.There was an incredible report by Louise Arbour in the 1990's that rocked the boats of so many. Through this period of her life, she was working as a judge for the Court of Appeal of Ontario. Arbour's Inquiry into the Prison for Women at the Kingston Penitentiary in Kingston, Ontario was a large and controversial move. There was an event at the prison on April 22, 1994 involving six female prisoners. They suffered abuse at the hands of management, the guards, and male inmates.They underwent illegal segregation, strip searches, and the list sadly goes on. Louise held media attention for really the first major time in her career over this, and was up against a surprising amount of criticism. Even some of the inmates, those that she was helping in the first place, felt â€Å"Arbour was too lenient with officials who violated prisoners' rights† (Driedger, 1996) SQ. Her report was extremely important in the changing of ways that female convicts are handled through the Correctional Service of Canada.Her demands were just and fair, and essentially led to the closure of the prison in 2008. Her report holds the Correctional Service of Canada to a much higher standard. Women have an equal voice on the inside now; they have rights. It was Secretary General Kofi Annan who named Arbour United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights, which she graciously accepted in 2004. She had been working as chief prosecutor of war crimes for the Interna tional Criminal Tribunal for Rwanda and the former Yugoslav.While Louise Arbour's experience and knowledge was developed around the Canadian criminal justice system, her time in the United Nations had developed her knowledge and skill in international law (Louise Arbour (Cover Story), 2000) SUMM. Rwanda was on her list, and Louise managed the great victory of indictments due to genocide against former government ministers there (Louise Arbour (Cover Story), 2000) PARA. Meanwhile, Former Yugoslavian President Slobodan Milosevic was brought to trial at The Hague, thanks to Arbour, following his arrest for crimes against humanity.After a 5 year trial, justice was served when he died in his cell of natural causes in March 2006. While Louise was responsible for many convictions, investigations and preservations of human rights during her time serving the United Nations, and this is a case that stands out above the rest. There is still controversy over whether or not Louise fulfilled her position adequately during her roles in the U. N. However, a very important person took great notice of Arbour, and found her to be so successful that he bestowed upon her the chair on which she now sits; a judge for the Supreme Court of Canada.One of the Justices was finally retiring, and the opportunity for Arbour to take the seat was at hand. This would be Louise's final position until her retirement. It is well known that the Supreme Court of Canada handles important and usually high-profile cases, of things from administrative law to constitutional law, and everything in between. Sitting as Madame Justice on countless cases and making her rulings, casting her vote, Louise has made an impact on our country.It was the Right Honourable Beverley McLachlin (2004) who said it best: And then she plunged into her life as a member of this Court, with the energy and dedication that she brought to every faucet of her life. On the Court, she has been a vibrant, incisive, and inquisitive pr esence. She brought her extraordinary sense of humour to our deliberations, and unfailing moral commitments to our decisions. A court of nine judges is like the delicate movement of a clock and her departure will no doubt change the sound and rhythm of the Court. McLachlin, 2004)LQ With Louise and her devotion to the Rule of Law, the Supreme Court of Canada has prevailed in many cases, serving justice fairly and impartially. Louise has had her hand in many decisions, has written many articles, books, reports etc. She is an influential person; living testimony of the Rule of Law. Building her life on that very principle, others look to her for guidance, seek her counsel, and regard her words as truth. Through all of her works, especially those as Commissioner, Justice, and Judge, LouiseArbour has made an unforgettable impact who continues to make a difference. And Canada is proud to claim her as one of their own. Works Cited Driedger, S. &. (1996). The Prison System: ‘Cruel and Degrading'. Maclean's , pp. 109 (16), 24. INDEPTH: LOUSE ARBOUR. (2008, March 11). Retrieved from CBC News: www. cbc. ca/news Louise Arbour (Cover Story). (2000). Mclean's , pp. 113 (36), 44. Martin, P. (2004). Louise Arbour: Empathetic Judge. Time , 163 (17), 114. McLachlin, B. (2004, June 7). Judges of the Court. Retrieved from Supreme Court of Canada: www. scc-csc. gc. ca

Substance Abuse and Treatment for Adolescents - 2174 Words

Table of Contents Introduction †¦...†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ 2 Statistics †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦..†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦...†¦ 2-3 Causes †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦..†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦..†¦ 3-4 Outcomes †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦..†¦ 4 Treatment †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. 4-7 Conclusion †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦..†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. 7 References †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦...†¦.. 8-10 Substance Abuse and Treatment for Adolescents Introduction Substance abuse among adolescents is becoming an increasing concern. There are the obvious health issues associated with substance abuse, but many people do not consider the long term affects of drug and alcohol use. In this paper I will discuss substance abuse among teens, causes, statistics, effects of substance abuse,†¦show more content†¦Outcomes According to James A. Hall and Douglas C. Smith, substance abuse among adolescents is an enormous societal problem that we need to develop high quality and cost-effective treatment options for. Substance abuse problems during adolescence poses many risks for the future. Adolescents who use are more likely to have addictions as adults. They are also more likely to face delays in normal adult roles, such as relationships, employment, and education (Hall and Smith, 2007). Substance abuse during adolescence is not only a concern because of the direct effects of the substances, but also because they are a predictor of many other problems. It is associated with problems in school, criminal activity, bullying of other adolescents, cruelty to people and animals, and risky sexual activities. It is found that male adolescents are at a higher risk of criminal activity and cruelty to people (Battjes, Gordon, and Kinlock, 2004). Treatment There are many reasons why individuals, both children and adults, do not receive substance abuse treatment. The most commonly reported reason for not seeking treatment is a lack of a perceived need for treatment. According to statistics from 2003 and 2004 surveys, 90.6% of adolescents with a need for alcohol treatment and 87.4% of those needing treatment for drug abuse did not perceive a need for treatment. There are several other commonlyShow MoreRelatedSubstance Abuse Treatment For Adolescents Essay832 Words   |  4 PagesIntroduction Including families in the treatment of substance use in adolescents has been a debate for several years in the addictions world. Some claim that involving families may hinder the client’s ability to improve due to not being honest, fear, and the lack of relationship one may have with their family members, specifically parental figures. Adolescents may not be honest with themselves or family members due to fear of disappointing or fear of punishment. Many providers and policy-makersRead MoreEssay on Adolescent Substance Abuse1656 Words   |  7 PagesHeader: Substance Abuse Adolescent Substance Abuse Dana Sweitzer Liberty University Abstract Adolescent substance abuse is a major problem in society. There are many risk factors that can contribute to adolescent substance abuse. One of the main risk factors is peer pressure. When adolescents start at a young age there is an increase in health problems, addiction, and over all poor social outcomes. Parental influence has substantial effect on adolescents because the adolescent sees theirRead MoreSubstance Abuse And Mental Health Problems877 Words   |  4 PagesFINAL PROJECT 2 Introduction Substance abuse and mental health problems are serious issues in our society. These problems appear to be associated, so it is necessary to look at both and how they interact (Ramchand). Substance abuse can bring about or exacerbate existing mental health problems, including suicidal ideation and attempts. Medical professionals cannot begin to resolve the issue of substance abuse related suicidal ideation or attempts unless they have an effective solutionRead MoreCo Occurring Mental Health Disorders ( Sud ) Essay877 Words   |  4 Pagesmental health disorders (MHD) and substance abuse disorders (SUD) are increasingly prevalent in youth. According to Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration (SAMHSA), nearly 1.3 million adolescents ages 12-17 years old had a SUD in 2014 (2014). Co-occurring MHD and SUD can limit one’s ability to function in everyday life. MHD alone can compromise judgement and behavior (SAMHSA, 2014). Substance abuse may worsen or trigger symptoms of MHD in adolescents. Youth that are diagnosed withRead MoreTeenage Drug Abuse Essay982 Words   |  4 PagesTeenage drug abuse is an issue that can result from a wide variety of social influences, stressful events, and mental disorders. Drug abuse among adolescents is a troubling issue because it decreases focus, increases the chance of consistency in behavior during adulthood, increases the chances of developing emotional issues, permanently damages the brain, and damages tissues in every system that can lead to death. Previous scientific research has identified that social factors, including the mediaRead MoreWhat Does The Strength Perspective Can Be Beneficial? Adolescents?1285 Words   |  6 Pagesadolescents relate to the clinician that is working with them. This could be because strengths based is a positive perspective that is meant to encourage and teach the teens how to cope. Strengths based perspective is also known to help open up adolescent’s ability to talk with their parents and can also decrease negative behaviors. After the five week treatment was complete the adolescent where asked to talk about their experience and what they liked most about the strengths based perspectiveRead MoreThe Adolescent Community Reinforcement Approach898 Words   |  4 PagesIntroduction Adolescents are a population that can be at-risk in regards to drug and alcohol abuse. A program called the Community Reinforcement Approach was created and later adapted into the Adolescent Community Reinforcement Approach in the 1970s to address problems adolescents face when it comes to drug or alcohol abuse (Intervention Summary - Adolescent Community Reinforcement Approach (A-CRA)). The Adolescent Community Reinforcement Approach works with adolescents from the ages twelveRead MoreEssay about Adolescent Substance Abuse641 Words   |  3 PagesAdolescent Substance Abuse Adolescent substance abuse continues to be epidemic in American society -- it crosses geographic, economic, gender, racial, and ethnic lines. In addition, more than a decade of national, state, and local prevention efforts have been minimally effective. It is a major problem that continues to escape our control. Nearly 9 out of 10 high school seniors in America report that they have experimented with alcohol. Within this group, 3 out of 10 report alcohol abuseRead MoreDrug Use And The Factors That Influence A Future Drug Addiction1005 Words   |  5 Pagesexplores various ways adolescent brain is susceptible to risky behaviors such as drug use and the factors that influence a future drug addiction. Adolescence is a time of growth both physically and mentally as well as emotionally. Risky behaviors, such as drug use, are likely to appear during this time. It isn’t until early adulthood that the prefrontal cortex, the area of our brain responsible for logical thought and reasoning, is developed. Many underlying factors of substance abuse are well known, suchRead MoreDrug Treatment For Adolescents And Adolescents1732 Words   |  7 PagesDRUG TREATMENT FOR ADOLESCENTS 2 ABSTRACT Youths in the United States are using drugs more than ever and even at a younger age than the past. Reaching out to these younger addicts can be complicated. There are several ways to approach substance abuse treatment for youths. School counselors and parents

Protective Measures after 9/11 and Their Effects on American Citizens - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 3 Words: 895 Downloads: 10 Date added: 2019/08/15 Category History Essay Level High school Tags: 9/11 Essay Did you like this example? Protective Measures after 9/11 and Their Effects on American Citizens   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Prior to the attack, the United States had only a few regulations against terrorism in the country. The United States was forced to tighten any area suspected of harmful penetration after the terrorist attack of September 11, 2001. The situation of higher protective measures leads to the enforcement of the Patriot Act, the creation of the Homeland Security Department, Transportation security act, Foreign intelligence surveillance act, Material support laws, which have become the major helpful laws and regulations passed as a result of 911 terrorist attack.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The terrorist attack on September 11, 2000, influenced the entire world, but mostly on the future of immigration laws and security. In 2002 after the attacks, Congress legislated the department of homeland and security act with the primary vision to maintain domestic refuge within the U.S. and ensure border safety and security. By protecting Americans affected by natural disasters and responding to terrorist attacks upon the United States (ABC-CLIO, 2018) the homeland security act has greatly increased the sense of security among Americans. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Protective Measures after 9/11 and Their Effects on American Citizens" essay for you Create order   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Despite these achievements, the department of homeland security has resulted in massive amounts of deportation which has led to the separation of families. Another role of the DHS is maintaining security on digital platforms. As much as these security measures have been able to prevent terrorist attacks within the U.S, Americans have less and less privacy while using the internet which questions the main purpose of these protective measures.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   On October 26, 2001, the Congress passed the USA PATRIOT ACT (Uniting and Strengthening America by Providing Appropriate Tools Required to Intercept and Obstruct Terrorism) (ABC-CLIO, 2018) as a response to the 9/11 attack. The patriot act gives intelligence officials and federal law enforcement the means to defeat terrorist attacks upon the United States. The enactment of the patriot act has infringed upon the 14th amendment in the constitution which states that people are to be secure in their persons, houses, papers, and effects, against unreasonable searches and seizures, and no Warrants shall issue, but upon probable cause. by conducting searches on its citizens and foreign nationals without being informed and arent under a criminal investigation.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   In addition to the department of homeland security and patriot act, the Congress enacted the Transportation security act of 2002 (TSA) to prevent future attacks on the united states by regulating the transport systems. Before the enactment of the act, the United State transport system was vulnerable to breaches in the security and may serve as a target for terrorist attacks aimed at the united states. So far, Congress has been able to combat these issues with the creation of TSA. The aviation and transportation security act have enforced mandatory screening and increased hand searching. Since the implementation of TSA, there have been numerous complaints of invasion of privacy and racial profiling which is an act of discrimination and violation of an individuals right.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Equally important as the other acts are the foreign intelligence surveillance act (FISA), amended in 2001 and states the procedures required to obtain information both physically and internationally from foreign acts. The united states government approved the use of electronic surveillance, physical search and investigations of any form to gain foreign intelligence. The basis of FISA are arguably unconstitutional, specifically violating the fourth amendment   which states that The right of the people to be secure in their persons, houses, papers, and effects, against unreasonable searches and seizures, shall not be violated, and no Warrants shall issue, but upon probable cause, supported by oath or affirmation, and particularly describing the place to be searched, and the persons or things to be seized. To be a target of an investigation, the government must provide probable cause to believe that a search is justified.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Finally, the material support laws which prohibits individuals or organisations from providing material support from a safe house, transportation, communications, funds, transfer of funds or other material financial benefit, false documentation or identification, weapons (including chemical, biological, or radiological weapons), explosives, to training (ABC-CLIO, 2018) The ruling of this law has prevented the efforts of human right organizations who must interact directly with these groups in order to combat violence and promote peace and freedom. For terrorist groups to become completely eradicated human rights organizations must directly influence the views of these terrorist group to cease their rights-violating practices, explaining to the perpetrators their obligations under human rights and humanitarian law (Holder, 2018). The material law has violated their first amendment right to freedom of association.   The goals of these human right organization are not to encourage terrorism but to end it lawfully   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   In the final analysis, these laws and protection put into place after the 9/11 attack to protect the liberties of American citizens has greatly conflicted with the first, fourth, and fourteenth amendment of Americans. There are still questions on whether these acts and reforms have fully eradicated future attacks on the united states. References September 11, 2001. The U.S. Responds. (ABC-CLIO, 2018). [Video]. Retrieved from https://americanhistory2-abc-clio-com.gmclibrary.idm.oclc.org/Topics/Display/1676873?cid=140sid=1894469 Department of Homeland Security. (ABC-CLIO, 2018). In American History. Retrieved from https://americanhistory2-abc-clio-com.gmclibrary.idm.oclc.org/Search/Display/512272 USA Patriot Act (2001). (ABC-CLIO, 2018). In American History. Retrieved from https://americanhistory2-abc-clio-com.gmclibrary.idm.oclc.org/Search/Display/567308 Holder, E. H. (2018). Holder v. Humanitarian Law Project Amicus Brief of the Carter Center et al. Retrieved November 30, 2018, from https://www.aclu.org/legal-document/holder-v-humanitarian-law-project-amicus-brief-carter-center-et-al

The Effects Of Video Games On Children - 2592 Words

Kyle Williams Professor Stephanie Wilhelm English 112 12/11/14 Debate about Violent Video-Games Video games are fun, they create a sense of happiness for people of all ages, races, and preferences. Some might say that creating video games is an art form, because of the ability of developers creating a game suited to the specific preferences of individuals. However, because developers create a wide range of video game genres, violent games may be created. It is often debated that the animations created within these video games that allow you to emulate acts of violence on NPCs within the game; shows signs that the player may have sadistic qualities. One might wonder why children are even allowed to purchase these games. This has†¦show more content†¦Upon further research, author Tobias Greitemeyer stated how, â€Å"One national survey showed that 88% of American youth between ages 8 and 18 play video games.† (Greitemeyer 19) From the statistics I gathered stating that more than half of video-games rated by the ESRB have violence, along with the 88 percent of American youth that plays video-games. It is fair to assume that most children are playing some type of violent video game. However, does violent video-games really affect the minds of our young people? It remains a debate, because video game developers are protected by laws and every type of playable electronic software is regulated by the Electronic Software Rating Board. The people totally against violent video games feel as if violent titles should be taken of shelves. To begin with, protocols have already been taken regarding creating a rating based system, focused on age-appropriateness of specific video games. The Electronic Software Rating Board, which is the system created for age appropriateness for all software. All video games and apps that are sold commercially must first go through ESRB to become sold on shelves. Just like

Ethical Decision Making and Cases †Free Samples to Students

Question: Discuss about the Ethical Decision Making and Cases. Answer: Introduction Running a business is not an easy task due to the different factors which have an impact on the business. This is in terms of the factors over which the business has no control. These include the factors like regulatory compliance, social, political, financial, environmental and legal issues. The problems are increased when it comes to running a business in the international markets. This is because for carrying on a business in international market, the company has to follow the laws of not only the home nation, but of the target nations as well. The problem is amplified when the business has to be carried in different nations across the world. When such a situation is presented, the different issues raised in the global perspective have to undertaken (Hamilton Webster, 2015). In the following parts, a brief has been prepared for the Board of Directors of Australian organization management which would highlight the legal implications of dealing with parties of Brazil and China. In doing so a number of aspects would be analysed, which would include the legal arrangements which are needed for carrying on the business, cultural sensitivity, monetary system, in addition to the internal and external business environment and the ethical considerations in carrying on business in the two nations. Commercial and Legal Arrangements A key part of running business in the global market is to look after the commercial and the legal arrangements. The Peoples Republic of China has a civil law system, which consists of administrative rules, regulations and statutes. Apart from this, the Supreme Court of China is responsible for issuing the interpretations which have to be adhered by the lower courts while adjudicating the cases. However, the lowers courts are not under the obligation of following the rulings of higher courts even though as a practice this is usually done. Unlike US, China does not have a federal system. Hence, there is no applicability of precedent in the nation. Two key forms of business vehicles can be used in the nation, which includes partnerships and companies (Ambler, Witzel, Xi Zou, 2008). Like China, Brazil is a civil law nation. Though unlike China, the legal system of Brazil is based on codes and legislations which are enacted by the federal, the state and the municipal legislatures. In terms of the business management vehicles, the common form includes corporations, i.e., sociedade annima, and limited liability companies, i.e., sociedade limitada (Bingemer Thompson, 2017). Regional Economic Integration Regional Economic Integration denotes the efforts which are put in place for promoting fair and free trade based on the region. When it comes to China, the foreign companies are allowed to sell their goods and services in the nation in a direct manner. However, in doing so, there is a need to comply with the import regulations which are applicable. Trade can also be conducted in the nation by forming branches and subsidiaries, appointment of distributor or/and agency, and entering in franchisee agreements with the qualified partners (Lewis, 2016). In case of Brazil, the majority of overseas companies can conduct their business in t eh nation through affiliates and subsidiaries. Where a decision is taken by a foreign company to form a branch in the nation, the branch would be subjected to and governed under the laws of the nation. The formation of such a branch would also require the authorization, which is granted through the ministerial ordinance, and this is a lengthy bureaucratic process (Bingemer Thompson, 2017). In China, there are a number of regulations surrounding the exchange control and currency. A foreign investor in Chian in a foreign investment enterprise, where 25% of the registered capital includes foreign investment accounts, has the legal entitlement of converting the after tax dividends which are derived from these enterprises to foreign currency and these can be remitted overseas based on the applicable regulations (Lewis, 2016). In Brazil, the obligations have to be executed in the national currency, i.e., in reais. If the same is not done, Decree-Law No 857/1969 would make it null and void. When it comes to the obligations which take place between natural person or entities domiciled in Brazil and natural persons or entities domiciled abroad, the same has to be paid, based on Law No 9,069/1995, in an exclusive manner through institutions which are authorized to operate in foreign exchange market. This authorization is granted by the Central Bank, which effectively controls the foreign exchange market. Though, at some instances, there is a need to obtain approval from the Securities and Exchange Commission. The transfer of funds from or to a place outside Brazil is, save for some exceptions, not subjected to limitations regarding the amount and the prior authorization from the pertinent authorities of the nation (Bingemer Thompson, 2017). Current Trends and Developments At present, the people from out of China are required to operate and invest in China through the special investment vehicles present under the different acts and are also subjected to the diversified rules from the domestic Chinese companies. January 19th, 2015 came with the circulation of draft version by the Ministry of Commerce of the new Foreign Investment law. The public comment period expired back in February 2015. Once formally accepted, the present regulations and laws surrounding governing foreign invested entities would be replaced and repealed. This would result in all of the foreign investment entities converting into corporate entities or limited liability companies based on the company law. Though, before the same is brought into action, there are several steps needed which includes multiple rounds of reviews (Lewis, 2016). In Brazil, the Congress is under continued discussing on a new Commercial Code which would cover the provisions on legal entities and this proposal is deemed as a very controversial one. There is a consideration going on in the Federal Government for removing or lifting the barriers towards the acquisition of the rural land by the overseas nationals, and in the acquisition in Brazilian commercial airline companies, of equity interest by the overseas nationals, which is an increase from the present 20% limitation (Bingemer Thompson, 2017). Cultural Sensitivity Cultural sensitivity refers to the awareness of the similarities and differences in culture, which exists between the people from different areas, based on their values of right and wrong, positive and negative, and better and worse. Between China and Brazil, there are both The people of both the nations are not uncomfortable in getting straight to the point in the matter of finalizing the deal. There is a common preference towards socializing and getting to know the party with which the business is being carried on. In order to build a good rapport, considerable time has to be spent and a relaxed and pleasant relationship has to be formed before business is discussed. Both nations appreciate authority and hierarchy levels. The approach of business people of these nations is negotiating with the people instead of the company and for this purpose; and instead of opting for telephonic communications or written communications the face to face meetings are preferred (Vras Vras, 2011). Apart from the cultural similarities between the two nations, there are quite of lot of differentiating factors too. China considers the exchange of business cards as a ceremonious matter; whilst Brazil deems it as just a manner of exchanging information. Interruption while speaking is not tolerated in Chinese culture, whilst the same is still acceptable in Brazil. A direct eye contact is deemed as disrespectful for Chinese people, whilst Brazilians deem it as a sign of honesty. Brazilians also accept backslapping and hugging, whilst in Chinese people, this is not acceptable in any situation (Vras Vras, 2011). Business Environment The best manner of highlighting the internal environment of any nation, a SWOT analysis proves the best option. A SWOT analysis denotes the strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threat before a nation, on the basis of different factors. Brazil is a leading global services destination owing to it being a substitute location for business management. SWOT of Brazil is presented below: Strength Weakness Time zone ease for the US buyers Cultural affinity Infrastructure Geographical propinquity to US Competitive risk adjusted costs Effective human resource Leading tourism spot Strong agricultural sector Scalability of labor force Labor pool competencies Critical mass of service providers Foreign perception of the nation turned negative; particularly in context of robberies during Rio Olympics Bureaucracy and red tapism Opportunities Threats Maturing economies in Latin America Leverage based on different language skills Institutional support for IT services industry Emerging as local service providers Discovery of worlds largest oil reserve A changing business climate Growing middle class (Prezi, 2012) Shifts in regulatory environment Perceptions regarding the economic status Investments in IT sector Support required in education system Labor law requirements Labor rates rise Date security, intellectual property protection and privacy issues (Gartner, 2007). SWOT of China is presented below: Strength Weakness Leading destination for business outsourcing High availability of natural resources Rising education acquisition Integrated into the global economy Cheap labor Low wage rates Large population has potential of buying power. Shadow banking Disorder financial support Inequalities in urban and rural dimensions Cities are jam-packed requiring money to be spent on infrastructure Growth in average inflation Overseas companies complaint about intellectual property Opportunities Threats Gives advanced technology as sole owner Lot of financing infrastructure projects Easy targeted industries of transportation, energy and communication Opportunities in financing infrastructure projects Advanced technology (Monde, 2017). Political risks Behind the western requirements in context of reporting and accounting standards Cultural differences resulting in business conflicts Clash between the state run enterprises and entrepreneurs Uncertainty about advertising market (Helms, 2015). The external environment of any nation can be best summed up through a PESTLE analysis where different factors affecting the businesses in the nation are highlighted. A strong political system in the nation helps in boosting the economy. Government is strong and has firm commitment towards flourishing of business. There is a strong political support to the industrial sector which helps in boosting the economies. Chian continues to have high GDP and excellent growth rate. There are favourable rates of saving, expensive export business, and large number of skilled workers. The interest rates are increasing and commercial banks reserves are also high which do prove to be unfavourable. There is fluctuation in age distribution and cultural and social aspects play a major role in the nation. The social behaviour and family size have an impact over emigration, education, religion and lifestyle. The nation is amongst the world leaders in technology where new mechanisms of distribution, production technology and new methods of working are constantly brought forward. Due to the growth in e-commerce, regulations have been formed with regards to their protection, and taxation. Though, there are no regulations to support privacy or recognition of digital structures. The nation is famous for its environmental related issues due to high pollution in the nation, coupled with regular smog incidents. Though, steps are taken to curb this in line of reducing vehicles (Kasi, 2015). The nation became democracy in 1980s. A huge problem in the nation is corruption which continues to go worse. This goes to such an extent that even when a small business has to be opened up in the nation, the same cannot be done till the time payments are made to the officials of government. Owing to the dissatisfaction amongst the people, mass protests were carried out in 2016 against Dilma Rouseff, which shows that before investing in business operations in the nation, there is a need to consider the political situation of the nation. Back in 2010, the GDP of the nation was quite high but the same went down in 2012 and 2014. The nation is still struggling in pulling itself out of recession even though the signs of recovery are visible. There is a decline in the gap between rich and poor with middle class growing. Though, around 20% people still live below the poverty line. In comparison to nations like US and China, Brazil has weaker technological infrastructure. Though, the IT sector of the nation is constantly improving. There are varied legislations across the states which results in high compliance costs owing to complexities. A normal business establishing period takes 120 days. Steps have been taken by the government to stop emissions and deforestation and industries are forced to start eco-friendly combustion techniques (Research Ideas, 2017). Ethical Perspective Apart from the legal aspects, there is a need to consider the ethical principles for gaining an understanding of social justice and human rights with regards to business practice. Thus, in carrying on business in the nation, there is a need to apply the theories of corporate social responsibility, utilitarianism, virtue ethics, deontology and Kantian view. Corporate social responsibility relates to the obligation of the companies to analyse their impact of their actions and decision on stakeholders of the company and also about regulating and controlling the same (Dima, 2016). Utilitarianism is a leading ethical theory which makes such acts as ethically correct, through which the utility of an action is maximized (Albee, 2014). When poor work conditions are provided in factories of China, it would not be an ethical thing, in addition to breaching the basic human rights. The next applicable theory is virtue ethics based on which, the acts are to be undertaken in manner of honesty, justice and integrity (Hooft, 2014). When the tourist in the nation is robbed, as was done during Rio Olympics, the ethics are not followed. This is in addition to disgrace of fundamental rights of human safety. Deontological theory provides that there is a need to comply with the duties and obligation for making a decision (Ferrell Fraedrich, 2015). For this , there is a need to follow the environmental concerns to fulfil its obligation towards environment. Lastly, Kantian view requires the treatment of people as end, instead of them being treated like a means to end (Beiser, 2014). The corruption problem of Brazil shows the citizens being treated as a means to an end, instead of working towards their betterment. Thus, these ethical theories have to be applied for running business in the two nations, particularly in context of social justice and human rights which are related to the practices of business. Conclusion On the basis of this analysis, it thus becomes clear that running a business in China and Brazil is not an easy task to do. There are a number of factors which have to be taken into consideration before a business is started in any of these two nations. There is a need to consider the different legal formalities and ethical requirements based on the internal and external environment faced by the nation. There is a need to strictly follow the law, which is an obligation, and to tap the opportunities presented above of the two nations. Most importantly, there is a need to put the human rights of the individuals in priority zone, even where these are not a legal obligation. Thus, this discussion achieved the purpose of highlighting the legal implications of conducting business in both the nations. References Albee, E. (2014).A history of English utilitarianism. Oxon: Routledge. Ambler, T., Witzel, M., Xi, C., Zou, D. (2008).Doing business in China. Oxon: Routledge. Beiser, F. C. (2014). The Genesis of Neo-Kantianism, 1796-1880. Oxford: Oxford University Press. Bingemer, C.F., Thompson, F. (2017). Establishing a business in Brazil. Retrieved from: https://uk.practicallaw.thomsonreuters.com/7-570-8027?transitionType=DefaultcontextData=(sc.Default)firstPage=truebhcp=1 Dima, J. (2016). Comparative Perspectives on Global Corporate Social Responsibility. Hershey, PA: IGI Global. Ferrell, O. C., Fraedrich, J. (2015).Business ethics: Ethical decision making cases. Scarborough: Nelson Education. Gartner. (2007). SWOT Analysis: Brazil Shifts to Global Sourcing. Retrieved from: https://www.gartner.com/doc/555411/swot-analysis-brazil-shifts-global Hamilton, L., Webster, P. (2015). The international business environment. Oxford: Oxford University Press. Helms, M.H. (2015). How to be successful in China: A SWOT analysis. Retrieved from: https://www.researchgate.net/publication/242078055_How_to_be_successful_in_China_A_SWOT_analysis Hooft, S.V. (2014). Understanding virtue ethics. Oxon: Routledge. Kasi, A. (2015). PESTLE Analysis on China. Retrieved from: https://freepestelanalysis.com/pestle-analysis-of-china/ Lewis, R. (2016). Establishing a business in China: overview. Retrieved from: https://uk.practicallaw.thomsonreuters.com/1-623-4945?transitionType=DefaultcontextData=(sc.Default)firstPage=truebhcp=1 Monde, N. (2017). SWOT Analysis of China. Retrieved from: https://www.scribd.com/doc/45352335/SWOT-Analysis-of-China Prezi. (2012). Brazil SWOT analysis. Retrieved from: https://prezi.com/-_omidg0lone/brazil-swot-analysis/ Research Ideas. (2017). PESTLE Analysis on Brazil. Retrieved from: https://www.sachdevajk.in/2017/09/07/pestle-analysis-on-brazil/ Vras, E.Z., Vras, D.B. (2011). Cultural Differences Between Countries: The Brazilian and the Chinese Ways of Doing Business. Journal on Innovation and Sustainability, 2(2), 77-83.

Sociology Social Disadvantage or Moral Failing †Free Samples

Question: Discuss about theSociologyfor Social Disadvantage or Moral Failing. Answer: Introduction The poverty rate in United States has fluctuated with time and the reasons and factors leading to poverty vary from individual to individual. Sociologists tend to explain poverty by means of cultural dependency, social disadvantage or moral failing. Some have also explained that poverty occurs due to unequal distribution of resource and opportunities in society (Williams et al., 2013).This report particularly looks at poverty in United States based on demographics and common characteristics of race, location and standard of living. The identification of particular group living in poverty and the common characteristics they possess will help to relate the finding to social problems and individual life status. It will evaluate whether individual factor or social factor results in poverty in certain groups in UK. Current Statistics on Poverty in United States In United States, the poverty is measured by poverty threshold which is the lack of those goods and services which is necessary for all members of mainstream society. This measure is adjusted based on inflation using the consumer price index. According to the official U.S. Census Bureau report of 2015, the poverty rate in U.S. is 13.5% and the 43.1 million people were living in poverty in that year. In most demographic group, the number of people living in poverty decreased from 2014 to 2015 (UC Davis Center for Poverty Research, 2017). The poverty rate is also higher in rural areas and inner locations of U.S. compared to other urban areas. The highest poverty rate was seen in California and in contrast, the lowest rate was seen in New Hampshire and Minnesota. Poverty Rates by Demographics and other Characteristics The U.S Census Bureau determine the poverty group people by calculating minimum amount of income needed to meet basic need based on size and composition of families. The group affected by poverty mainly includes homeless people, children, immigrants and autistic people. By race, the highest poverty rate is seen in American Indians, Alaskan native and African Americans. For example in 2014, 15.5 million children were living in poverty and more than 4.6 million among them were under 5 year age. Based on poverty by race, highest number of poor children was from Hispanic race compared to other race. In term of data on poverty rate by sex, large number of female was in poverty than in mean and this was mostly seen in elderly women. On the other hand, the poverty rate by location or residential area type revealed that poverty rate increased in suburban areas and decreased in rural areas. Considering different region of United States, the poverty rate was high in the South U.S. compared to other region (Institute for Research on Poverty | University of WisconsinMadison, 2017). Cause of Poverty in United States Sociological theory explains poverty by means of social structure and individual factors. With the change in time, the welfare system varied and it mainly includes factors like culture of worklessness, troubled families and sociopolitical system to explain poverty. There is also association of poverty with individual behavior such as unemployment and other family issues also lead to poverty. As poverty also occurs as a result of economic stratification, sociologist explains poverty by conflict theory and structural functionalist theory. Conflict theorists are of the opinion that stratification harm the society and unequal distribution creates economic advantage and disadvantage for different groups (Stratification, 2016). This section particularly analyzes the reason for poverty in certain groups with high poverty rate. There are many factors that have made certain group poor in United States. The main factors related to poverty included income level, unemployment, family type, ethnicity and policies. Poverty reports have shown that poverty rate is high in African Americans and Hispanic origin people compared to non-Hispanic Whites. The rate of poverty in minority groups occurs due to socioeconomic deprivation in this group of people. This minority group are mostly unemployed, have lower education and larger risk of being prisoners. It reflects that their demographic characteristics are similar to those of disadvantaged groups which explain the reason for being poor. They are also affected by discriminatory policies which prohibits their social development and standard of living. Hence, it reflects that income unequally distributed among leading to gap in well-being of ethnic and racial groups (Gradn, 2012). Poverty reports have also shown that poverty rate is high in immigrants and immigrants group mainly include Hispanic, Black, Asian and Whites. Immigrants account for 26.1% uninsured person in United States and this is due low level of education in them. The income and earning of immigrants is affected by poor skills and earning capacity. The implementation of appropriate reform policy is necessary to improve the earning capacity of immigrants despite their nativity (Marable, 2015). The United States has also pointed out to high rate of child poverty in United States with about 15 million children living in below federal poverty threshold. This reflect that the poverty rate is high because 43% children live in low-income families and their parents are struggling to make a living. They have low wages or unstable form of employment which impeded childrens ability to learn and expose them to social, emotional and behavioral risk. Children living in poverty are also at risk of poor heath particularly mental health due to persistent poverty. Hence, poverty is great threat to well-being of children and focus on this group is important to improve the poverty threshold of United States (NCCP | Child Poverty 2017). Conclusion From the report on poverty status and characteristics in United States, it is understood that minority groups, immigrants and children are the major contributor of poverty rate in the country. The study of poverty reports revealed poverty by demographics, region and residential areas. Furthermore exploration of the reason for poverty revealed common characteristics of race, social inequality and poor employment in certain group. From the sociological perspective, poverty is significantly posing risk for children and urgent public action is required to alleviate poverty by means of effective policy and social reforms for vulnerable group. Reference Gradn, C. (2012). Poverty among minorities in the United States: Explaining the racial poverty gap for Blacks and Latinos.Applied Economics,44(29), 3793-3804. Marable, M. (2015).How capitalism underdeveloped Black America: Problems in race, political economy, and society. Haymarket Books. NCCP | Child Poverty. (2017).Nccp.org. Retrieved 23 February 2017, from https://www.nccp.org/topics/childpoverty.html Stratification, S. C. (2016). Functionalism and Stratification, Socio-Cultural Evolution and Revolution. What is the current poverty rate in the United States? - UC Davis Center for Poverty Research. (2017).Poverty.ucdavis.edu. Retrieved 23 February 2017, from https://poverty.ucdavis.edu/faq/what-current-poverty-rate-united-states Who is poor? | Institute for Research on Poverty | University of WisconsinMadison. (2017).Irp.wisc.edu. Retrieved 23 February 2017, from https://www.irp.wisc.edu/faqs/faq3.htm Williams, F. (Ed.). (2013).Language and poverty: Perspectives on a theme. Elsevier.