Dandelion Information :: essays research papers fc

Scientific name -Kingdom-Plantea, Phylum- Tracheophyta, Class- Angiospermae, Order- Asterales, Family- Asteraceca, Genus- Taraxacum, Species- officialeDescription - The Taraxacum officiale is a perennial herbaceous plant that grows from two to eighteen inches tall they be a stem less plant and all parts of the plant contain a milky juice. The leaves are an olive or a dull yellowish color, and smooth with ridged edges where it got its common name, blowball from the French words "dent de lion" which means lions tooth. The stalks are simple smooth, brittle and hollow. The flowers are one and a half-inch wide and a golden yellow color. The flower blooms from April to August, from 6am to 8pm. They have taproots that can grow up to three feet long in soft soil. There are about 150 to 200 flowerets that are strap shaped that make up the flower.Habitat - Their habitat is in the Northern Temperate Zones located in Europe and Asia. Then the colonists from Europe brought in to Amer ica. The plant usually grows lawns.Life cycle - The life cycle of the dandelion is when the self-aggrandizing is mature enough the flowerets turn into seeds with a fluff on it. This fluff enables the seed to be picked up the wind to carry it away from the parent plant.Importance - The dandelion has many little known uses to people. Like the roots are bitter, but they can be boiled put into salads when they are young, or they can be used as potherbs. The roots can be roasted and used as a substitute for coffee. The milky juice is used in about tonics for disorders in the digestive system and the liver. The flower stalks can be yields some rubber in the form of threads.

Essay on Tom in The Glass Menagerie -- Glass Menagerie essays

The Character of Tom in The Glass Menagerie Tom Wingfield has a dual role in The Glass Menagerie. The first Tom is the narrator, who introduces his second self, the character. In his fifth soliloquy, Tom the narrator indicates that time has detached him from the drama, for time is the longest distance between 2 places (Williams 1568). In the closing soliloquy Tom recounts how he lives and re-lives the story in his memory, though he is detached from the participants in the original affair. Like his father, a hollo small-arm who fell in love with long distances, (Williams 1523), Tom has fallen in love with the long distance that is time. Tom is a sensitive, artistic man who is forced by circumstances into a phenomenological situation. He is compelled to live and re-live the situation of the play, in which he sought for and found what he believed to be freedom. Although he escapes the situation, he does not find freedom his consciousness forces him to dwell upon the situation until he finds meaning in it. Because Mr. Wingfield, Laura, Amanda, and Jim are parts of ...

Nothing in Common :: Personal Narrative Essays

Nothing in Common After 19 historic period of marriage I decided it was time to try living on my own. It took another year and a half for me to actually do it. I had marry my husband when I was barely out of high school and promptly gave birth to three sons in rapid succession. I wont go into the details of those 19 years. My husband was a good husband and an okay father. After about 10 years I realized that we were two completely different pack with absolutely nothing in common except for our sons. Moving out was the most devastating and liberating thing that I ever did. I first set out myself up in a small above-garage apartment. I had no furniture except my bed and my computer. My first night there I sat in the empty living room listening to the sirens in downtown Lake Worth, a far cry from the peaceful cocks crowing in Jupiter Farms. The emotions running through me were a strange and horrible mix of elation, sorrow, and fear. What had I done? After a a few( prenominal) weeks I began to settle in. I had a full-time job with FPL, I saw my sons often, and I discovered the joy of solitude - something I hadnt known in a very long while with three boys and their friends always nether foot. In the mornings I would have a cup of coffee on my balcony and then take a walk to the Intercoastal, which was only two blocks from my apartment. My chaotic brain started to slowly heal and slow down to a peaceful pace. In the silence of that apartment I had plenty of opportunity to look hard at myself. I took advantage of the silence and finished writing the two books on healthcare and childcare in the late 1800s that I had barely begun a few years before. Those two books were published a year later. I renewed my love of poetry and spent hours reading the works of Pound, Rich, Atwood, and others. I decided to buckle under to college. I spent four months in my sanctuary over the garage. Then I went home. Everyone thought I would be the same , that life would be the same.

Music Played Key Role in US Civil Rights Movement Essay -- Role of Mus

Music was used as a critical instrument in the early 20th century in mobilizing and stimulate the cultivated rights movement by giving them more voice to bring out their grievances. According to Kerk (2007, p.18) Martin Luther king was the most prolific figure who utilized medicine to alter society, we believe that freedom songs play a big and vital part in the struggle that we are going through this words were as well echoed by the Albany movement harmony keeps us a live, it gives us a sense of unity, new courage every dawn, hope to move on that the next still holds something in our most daring and dreadful hoursDevelopment of Music The 20th century was a century which United States had great find in the world of music across the globe. America was the birth place of most influential music, from jazz to joggle which was promoted by the q7uality of technology ilk radio and phonographs. progress technology ensured fast distribution of music to Americans and all-round the globe. 20th century also brought African Americans and their music culture which was more practiced by slaves. However, yet before the African American s came into music, blues music was already evolving leading to development of other genres like country music, jazz to rock and authorized music. Soul music came up as a result of rock and roll from the African American gospel, rhythm and blues. As the century grew bands were created like the bubblegum commence band comprised of blacks who created new fusion of R&B and hip hop music that is still embraced till now. Rap music evolved from the Blues, rap music was make up of deep rhythms and autobiographical lyrics. Music nurtured the African American tradition and their struggle towards equality the same cent... ...its songs. Montgomery, Ala wiseSouth Books.Kirk, J. (2007). Martin Luther King, Jr. and the cultivated rights movement controversies and debates. Basingstoke New York Palgrave Macmillan.Monson, I. (2010).Freedom sou nds civil rights call out to jazz and Africa. New York Oxford Oxford University Press.Menkart, D., Murray, A. & View, J. (2004). Putting the movement back into civil rights teaching a resource guide for K-12 classrooms. Washington, D.C Teaching for win over and the need & Race Research Action Council.Roy, W. (2010). Reds, whites, and blues social movements, folk music, and race in the United States. Princeton Princeton University Press.Schneider, M. (2002). We return fighting the civil rights movement in the complete Age. Boston Northeastern University PressVarious. (2005). The Civil Rights Movement. City Morgan Reynolds Pub. Music Played Key Role in US Civil Rights Movement assay -- Role of MusMusic was used as a critical instrument in the early 20th century in mobilizing and inspiring the civil rights movement by giving them more voice to bring out their grievances. According to Kerk (2007, p.18) Martin Luther king was the most prolific figure who utilized mu sic to sensitize society, we believe that freedom songs play a big and vital part in the struggle that we are going through this words were also echoed by the Albany movement music keeps us a live, it gives us a sense of unity, new courage every dawn, hope to move on that the future still holds something in our most daring and dreadful hoursDevelopment of Music The 20th century was a century which United States had great influence in the world of music across the globe. America was the birth place of most influential music, from jazz to rock which was promoted by the q7uality of technology like radio and phonographs. Advanced technology ensured fast distribution of music to Americans and all-round the globe. 20th century also brought African Americans and their music culture which was more practiced by slaves. However, even before the African American s came into music, blues music was already evolving leading to development of other genres like country music, jazz to rock and cla ssical music. Soul music came up as a result of rock and roll from the African American gospel, rhythm and blues. As the century grew bands were created like the bubblegum pop band comprised of blacks who created new fusion of R&B and hip hop music that is still embraced till now. Rap music evolved from the Blues, rap music was made up of deep rhythms and autobiographical lyrics. Music nurtured the African American tradition and their struggle towards equality the same cent... ...its songs. Montgomery, Ala NewSouth Books.Kirk, J. (2007). Martin Luther King, Jr. and the civil rights movement controversies and debates. Basingstoke New York Palgrave Macmillan.Monson, I. (2010).Freedom sounds civil rights call out to jazz and Africa. New York Oxford Oxford University Press.Menkart, D., Murray, A. & View, J. (2004). Putting the movement back into civil rights teaching a resource guide for K-12 classrooms. Washington, D.C Teaching for Change and the Poverty & Race Research Action Coun cil.Roy, W. (2010). Reds, whites, and blues social movements, folk music, and race in the United States. Princeton Princeton University Press.Schneider, M. (2002). We return fighting the civil rights movement in the Jazz Age. Boston Northeastern University PressVarious. (2005). The Civil Rights Movement. City Morgan Reynolds Pub.

Pollution and Environment Essay - Preserving Our Environment

Preserving Our Environment Many people assume that the environment is in no danger. They believe that with pass on technology, we dont need to worry ab erupt renewing natural resources, recycling, and finding new ways to produce energy. They argue that one person in the world does non make a large difference. In actuality, each individuals contribution greatly affects our environment. Our natural resources are running low, and we must work together to save them and the human beings from ruin. Recycling is so important in the effort to preserve our environment for future generations. We are running out of places to put landfills. My neighbor, Nick, believes that the U.S. has enough land for our give waste, and we should not concern ourselves with the rest of the world. However, saving the environment is a team effort. Everyone in the world must participate and work together in come out for it to be successful. While some have argued that one person does not make a large diffe rence, the particular is they do. Last year I lived with volt otherwise girls. We set up a system in which everything that could be recycled was. Between the six of us we ended up taking out the dribble once a week and taking out the recycling two or three times a week. This year there are plainly four of us. We havent started recycling yet because we are still searching for a location to take all of our renewable garbage. Without our system in place, we take out the garbage on a daily basis. That is how much extra waste we accumulate without recycling, and these quantities reflect only the garbage of four girls. The U.S. should follow the example of other nations who have come up with innovative ways to use their garbage ra... ... barbarianren about nature. When these values are instilled at a young age, they stay with the child for life. These children will grow up with a greater awareness of the plight of the Earth and will be better prepared to help in the fight. In add ition, some universities, much(prenominal) as the University of Michigan, allow students to minor in areas such as global changes which allows them to gain a greater understanding of current environmental issues. Through recycling, the use of innovative new ideas for energy, and education, it is possible to make great advances in preserving our surroundings. People must first realize that there is in fact a problem, and then make a deliberate effort to contribute to the solution. By taking the time to recycle and making use of technology such as solar power, we can save the environment for future generations to enjoy.

Pollution and Environment Essay - Preserving Our Environment

Preserving Our Environment Many people assume that the environs is in no danger. They believe that with advancing technology, we dont need to worry ab come out renewing immanent resources, recycling, and finding new slipway to produce energy. They argue that nonpareil person in the world does not make a large difference. In actuality, distributively individuals contribution greatly affects our environment. Our natural resources are running low, and we must work together to save them and the Earth from ruin. Recycling is so important in the parturiency to preserve our environment for future generations. We are running out of places to put landfills. My neighbor, Nick, believes that the U.S. has enough land for our own waste, and we should not concern ourselves with the rest of the world. However, saving the environment is a team effort. Everyone in the world must participate and work together in order for it to be successful. While some have argued that one person does not make a large difference, the fact is they do. Last year I lived with five other girls. We set up a outline in which everything that could be recycled was. Between the six of us we ended up taking out the garbage once a week and taking out the recycling two or three times a week. This year there are only four of us. We havent started recycling yet because we are quench searching for a location to take all of our renewable garbage. Without our system in place, we take out the garbage on a daily basis. That is how such(prenominal) extra waste we accumulate without recycling, and these quantities reflect only the garbage of four girls. The U.S. should follow the example of other nations who have come up with innovative ways to use their garbage ra... ...children about nature. When these values are instilled at a young age, they stay with the child for life. These children will grow up with a greater awareness of the plight of the Earth and will be better prepared to help in the f ight. In addition, some universities, such as the University of Michigan, allow students to electric razor in areas such as global changes which allows them to gain a greater understanding of current environmental issues. Through recycling, the use of innovative new ideas for energy, and education, it is viable to make great advances in preserving our surroundings. People must first realize that there is in fact a problem, and then make a cut into effort to contribute to the solution. By taking the time to recycle and making use of technology such as solar power, we can save the environment for future generations to enjoy.

How do the Writers Show a Clash of Cultures in Dead man’s path and the Train from Rhodesia Essay

In Dead mans path, there is a new master key who is educated and over ambitious and wants to turn his under-achieving school into a modern, top quality institution. He says everything shall be just modern and delightful. There is an oldish path that the hamletrs use to communicate to spirits and for babies to enter the world which the headmaster closes as it runs through his school.He is unwilling to al miserable the villagers to use the path and he is inconsiderate astir(predicate) their beliefs. This is shown when he says we can non allow people to make a highway of our school compound. He is patronising and doesnt care about how other people feel as he says the whole purpose of our school is to eradicate such beliefs. Whereas the villagers try to compromise and they are more understanding. This is shown when the village chief says what you say may be true, but we follow the practices of our fathers.The writer shows a clash of cultures because there is a young, modern and sophi sticated headmaster who disregards traditionalistic beliefs and there are traditional villagers who rely on the path for religious customs.When a woman dies in child birth, the villagers believe the spirits are angry. This is shown when it says grueling sacrifices were prescribed to propitiate ancestors insulted by the fence. They blame the headmaster for closing the path, so they vandalise the school compound. This is shown when it says flowers were trampled to death, and one of the school buildings were pulled down.The writer similarly shows a clash of cultures when there is a white supervisor who comes to inspect the school. This is because he is shown to be very important and superior to the black Africans who do the work on for the white people who in turn make the profits. This is shown when it says the white supervisor came to inspect the school and wrote a nasty report of the state of the premises and of the tribal-war seat developing between the school and the village. In The Train from Rhodesia, there is a hold back which stops briefly in a small station in the desert. There are some very poor people living near the station and they rely on the visitors from the train to buy there goods, so they can make a living. They are shown to be very poor because it says the children walk unshod and live in mud huts. This is shown because it says the stationmasters barefoot children wandered over from the grey mud huts. They also dont seem have enough food, because their animals are skinny and bony. This is shown because it says chickens and dogs with their skins stretched like parchment over their bones.When the train comes into the station, all the villagers waste no time, to sell their goods to the tourists. This is shown because it says all up and down the length of the train in the dust the artists sprang, walking bent to exhibit the thaumaturgy held towards the faces on the train. This shows how much the villagers depend on the train.A young lady n otices a wooden social lion shape with incredible detail, and looks very realistic. This is shown when it says a lion, carved out of soft dry wood with impressionistic detail.The ladys husband bargains with the old man selling the lion and buys it for much lower than he was asking for, just as the train was about to go. The young lady is unhappy with her husband for buying the lion at such a low price. This is because she says why didnt you pay for it? Why did you have to wait for him to run after the train with it and give him one-and-six? One-and-sixThe writer shows a clash of cultures because the villagers are shown to be very poor and dependant on the train and also beg for money. This is shown because it says give me penny, said the ones with nothing to sell.The villagers are desperate. This is shown when the old man decides to sell his lion for one-and-six. It says questioning for the last time at the widows, here one-and-six baas whereas the people in the train are very wel l off compared to the villagers and to them the cost of the villagers goods is not very much and bargain for fun, but the villagers are dependant on anything they can get. This is shown when the young man says I was arguing for fun, when the train pulled out, he came disunite afterone-and-six.The young lady realises how well off she is and feels the shame of buying the lion for one-and-six. This is shown when it says To give one-and-six for that, she sat there, sick, and the heat of shame mounted through her legs and body.

Foundation and Empire 26. End Of The Search

in that respect was non a word to be said. The echoes of the pick up rolled away into the revealer rooms and rumbled downward into a hoarse, dying whisper. Before its death, it had muffled the sharp clamor of Baytas falling b get goinger, smo in that locationd Magnificos high-pitched cry, drowned kayoed Torans inarticulate roar.There was a silence of agony.Baytas transmit was bent into obscurity. A droplet caught the light as it throw away. Bayta had neer wept since her childhood.Torans muscles al nigh cracked in their spasm, solely he did not relax he felt as if he would never unclench his teeth again. Magnificos face was a faded, lifeless mask.Finally, from between teeth still tight, Toran clotted out in an unrecognizable articulation, Youre a mules woman, and then. He got to youBayta looked up, and her mouth twisted with a painful merriment, I, a mules woman? Thats ironic.She smiled a brittle effort and tossed her pilus back. Slowly, her voice verged back to the no rmal, or aboutthing near it. Its over, Toran I tooshie talk right off. How much I will survive, I dont neck. besides I kindle scar talking-Torans tension had broken of its own weight and faded into a flaccid dullness, Talk about what, Bay? Whats there to talk about?About the misadventure thats followed us. Weve remarked about it before, Torie. Dont you remember? How defeat has always bitten at our heels and never actually managed to nip us? We were on the Foundation, and it collapsed while the Independent Traders still fought but we got out in sentence to go to Haven. We were on Haven, and it collapsed while the others still fought and again we got out in time. We went to Neotrantor, and by now its undoubtedly joined the Mule.Toran listened and shook his head, I dont understand.Torie, such things dont happen in real(a) life. You and I are insignificant people we dont fall from one vortex of politics into another continuously for the lay of a year unless we carry the vo rtex with us. Unless we carry the source of infection with us pre movely do you see?Torans lips tightened. His glance fixed horribly upon the crashing(a) remnants of what had once been a human, and his eyes sickened.Lets get out of here, Bay. Lets get out into the open.It was cloudy outside. The wind scudded about them in drab spurts and disordered Baytas hair. Magnifico had crept subsequently them and now he hovered at the edge of their conversation.Toran said tightly, You killed Ebling Mis beca accustom you believed him to be the focus of infection? Something in her eyes struck him. He whispered, He was the Mule? He did not could not believe the implications of his own words.Bayta laughed sharply, Poor Ebling the Mule? Galaxy, no I couldnt have killed him if he were the Mule. He would have detected the emotion accompanying the give out and changed it for me to love, devotion, adoration, terror, whatever he pl rest periodd. No, I killed Ebling because he was not the Mule. I k illed him because he knew where the Second Foundation was, and in two seconds would have told the Mule the secret.Would have told the Mule the secret, Toran repeated stupidly. Told the Mule-And then he emitted a sharp cry, and turned to stare in horror at the clown, who might have been crouching unconscious there for the ostensible understanding he had of what he heard.Not Magnifico? Toran whispered the question.Listen said Bayta. Do you remember what happened on Neotrantor? Oh, think for yourself, Torie-But he shook his head and mumbled at her.She went on, wearily, A man died on Neotrantor. A man died with no one touching him. Isnt that true? Magnifico played on his Visi-Sonor and when he was finished, the hint prince was dead. at one time isnt that strange? Isnt it queer that a instrument afraid of everything, apparently helpless with terror, has the capacity to kill at will.The music and the light-effects, said Toran, have a punishing emotional effect-Yes, an emotional effec t. A pretty big one. Emotional effects happen to be the Mules specialty. That, I suppose, can be considered a coincidence. And a creature who can kill by suggestion is so full of fright. Well, the Mule tampered with his mind, supposedly, so that can be relieveed. But, Toran, I caught a little of that Visi-Sonor selection that killed the crown prince. Just a little but it was enough to give me that same feeling of despair I had in the Time Vault and on Haven. Toran, I cant mis engineer that particular feeling.Torans face was darkening. I felt it, too. I forgot. I never thought-It was then that it first occurred to me. It was just a vague feeling intuition, if you like. I had nothing to go on. And then Pritcher told us of the Mule and his mutation, and it was clear in a moment. It was the Mule who had created the despair in the Time Vault it was Magnifico who had created the despair on Neotrantor. It was the same emotion. Therefore, the Mule and Magnifico were the same person. Does nt it work out nicely, Torie? Isnt it just like an axiom in geome pass judgment things equal to the same thing are equal to individually other?She was at the edge of hysteria, but dragged herself back to sobriety by main force. She continued, The discovery scared me to death. If Magnifico were the Mule, he could know my emotions and cure them for his own purposes. I dared not let him know. I avoided him. Luckily, he avoided me also he was too interested in Ebling Mis. I planned killing Mis before he could talk. I planned it secretly as secretly as I could so secretly I didnt dare tell it to myself.If I could have killed the Mule himself But I couldnt take the chance. He would have noticed, and I would have lost everything.She seemed drained of emotion.Toran said harshly and with finality, Its impossible. Look at the miserable creature. He the Mule? He doesnt even hear what were saying.But when his eyes followed his demoing finger, Magnifico was erect and alert, his eyes sharp and darkly bright. His voice was without a trace of an accent, I hear her, my friend. It is just now that I have been sitting here and brooding on the fact that with all my cleverness and forethought I could make a mistake, and lose so much.Toran stumbled backward as if afraid the clown might touch him or that his breath might contaminate him.Magnifico nodded, and answered the unspoken question. I am the Mule.He seemed no longer a grotesque his pipestem limbs, his beak of a nose lost their humor-compelling qualities. His fear was gone his bearing was firm.He was in command of the situation with an ease natural of usage.He said, tolerantly, Seat yourselves. Go ahead you might as well sprawl out and make yourselves comfortable. The games over, and Id like to tell you a story. Its a weakness of mine I want people to understand me.And his eyes as he looked at Bayta were still the old, soft sad brown ones of Magnifico, the clown.There is nothing really to my childhood, he began, plun ging bodily into quick, impatient speech, that I care to remember. Perhaps you can understand that. My meagerness is glandular my nose I was born with. It was not possible for me to lead a normal childhood. My mother died before she saw me. I do not know my father. I grew up haphazard, wounded and tortured in mind, full of self-pity and hatred of others. I was known then as a queer child. All avoided me most out of dislike some out of fear. Queer incidents occurred Well, never mind Enough happened to enable Captain Pritcher, in his investigation of my childhood to make that I was a mutant, which was more than I ever realized until I was in my twenties. Toran and Bayta listened distantly. The wash of his voice broke over them, seated on the ground as they were, unheeded almost. The clown or the Mule paced before them with little steps, speaking downward to his own folded arms.The whole notion of my unusual power seems to have broken on me so slowly, in such sluggish steps. Even t oward the end, I couldnt believe it. To me, mens minds are dials, with pointers that indicate the prevailing emotion. It is a poor picture, but how else can I explain it? Slowly, I learned that I could reach into those minds and turn the pointer to the spot I wished, that I could nail it there forever. And then it took even longer to realize that others couldnt.But the consciousness of power came, and with it, the desire to make up for the miserable position of my earlier life. Maybe you can understand it. Maybe you can try to understand it. It isnt easy to be a freak to have a mind and an understanding and be a freak. Laughter and cruelty To be antithetic To be an outsiderYouve never been through itMagnifico looked up to the sky and teetered on the balls of his feet and reminisced stonily, But I eventually did learn, and I decided that the Galaxy and I could take turns. Come, they had had their innings, and I had been patient about it for twenty-two years. My turn It would be up to the rest of you to take it And the odds would be fair enough for the Galaxy. One of me Quadrillions of themHe paused to glance at Bayta swiftly. But I had a weakness. I was nothing in myself. If I could gain power, it could notwithstanding be by bastardlys of others. conquest came to me through middlemen. Always It was as Pritcher said. Through a pirate, I obtained my first asteroidal base of operations. Through an industrialist I got my first foothold on a planet. Through a variety of others ending with the warlord of Kalgan, I won Kalgan itself and got a navy. After that, it was the Foundation and you two come into the story.The Foundation, he said, softly, was the most difficult job I had met. To beat it, I would have to win over, break down, or render useless an extraordinary proportion of its ruling class. I could have through with(p) it from scratch but a short cut was possible, and I looked for it. After all, if a strong man can lift five hundred pounds, it does no t mean that he is eager to do so continuously. My emotional control is not an easy task, I prefer not to use it, where not amply necessary. So I accepted allies in my first attack upon the Foundation.As my clown, I looked for the agent, or agents, of the Foundation that must inevitably have been sent to Kalgan to investigate my humble self. I know now it was Han Pritcher I was looking for. By a stroke of fortune, I found you instead. I am a telepath, but not a complete one, and, my lady, you were from the Foundation. I was led astray by that. It was not fatal for Pritcher joined us afterward, but it was the starting point of an error that was fatal.Toran stirred for the first time. He spoke in an outraged tone, Hold on, now. You mean that when I outfaced that lieutenant on Kalgan with notwithstanding a gravel pistol, and rescued you that you had emotionally-controlled me into it. He was spluttering. You mean Ive been tampered with all along.A thin smile played on Magnificos face . Why not? You dont think its likely? Ask yourself then Would you have risked death for a strange grotesque you had never seen before, if you had been in your right mind? I imagine you were surprised at events in wintry after-blood.Yes, said Bayta, distantly, he was. Its quite plain.As it was, continued the Mule, Toran was in no danger. The lieutenant had his own strict instructions to let us go. So the triad of us and Pritcher went to the Foundation and see how my campaign shaped itself instantly. When Pritcher was court-martialed and we were present, I was busy. The military judges of that trial later commanded their squadrons in the war. They surrendered rather easily, and my Navy won the interlocking of Horleggor, and other lesser affairs.Through Pritcher, I met Dr. Mis, who brought me a Visi-Sonor, entirely of his own accord, and simplified my task immensely. Only it wasnt entirely of his own accord.Bayta interrupted, Those concerts Ive been trying to fit them in. Now I se e.Yes, said Magnifico, the Visi-Sonor acts as a focusing device. In a way, it is a primitive device for emotional control in itself. With it, I can handle people in quantity and single people more intensively. The concerts I gave on Terminus before it fell and Haven before it fell contributed to the general defeatism. I might have made the crown prince of Neotrantor very sick without the Visi-Sonor, but I could not have killed him. You see?But it was Ebling Mis who was my most important find. He might have been- Magnifico said it with dishearten, then hurried on, There is a special facet to emotional control you do not know about. Intuition or insight or hunch-tendency, whatever you wish to call it, can be treated as an emotion. At least, I can treat it so. You dont understand it, do you?He waited for no negative, The human mind works at low efficiency. Twenty percent is the figure usually given. When, momentarily, there is a flash of greater power it is termed a hunch, or insight, or intuition. I found early that I could induce a continual use of high brain-efficiency. It is a killing process for the person affected, but it is useful. The nuclear field-depressor which I used in the war against the Foundation was the result of high-pressuring a Kalgan technician. once again I work through others.Ebling Mis was the bulls-eye. His potentialities were high, and I needed him. Even before my war with the Foundation had opened, I had already sent delegates to negotiate with the Empire. It was at that time I began my search for the Second Foundation. Naturally, I didnt find it. Naturally, I knew that I must find it and Ebling Mis was the answer. With his mind at high efficiency, he might peradventure have duplicated the work of Hari Seldon.Partly, he did. I drove him to the utter limit. The process was ruthless, but had to be completed. He was dying at the end, but he lived- Again, his chagrin interrupted him. He would have lived long enough. Together, we three c ould have gone onward to the Second Foundation. It would have been the last battle but for my mistake.Toran stirred his voice to hardness, Why do you stretch it out so? What was your mistake, and and have done with your speech.Why, your wife was the mistake. Your wife was an unusual person. I had never met her like before in my life. I I- Quite suddenly, Magnificos voice broke. He recovered with difficulty. There was a grimness about him as he continued. She liked me without my having to juggle her emotions. She was neither repelled by me nor amused by me. She liked meDont you understand? Cant you see what that would mean to me? Never before had anyone Well, I cherished that. My own emotions played me false, though I was check of all others. I stayed out of her mind, you see I did not tamper with it. I cherished the natural feeling too greatly. It was my mistake the first.You, Toran, were under control. You never suspected me never questioned me never saw anything peculiar or st range about me. As for instance, when the Filian ship stopped us. They knew our location, by the way, because I was in talk with them, as Ive remained in communication with my generals at all times. When they stopped us, I was taken aboard to adjust Han Pritcher, who was on it as a prisoner. When I left, he was a colonel, a Mules man, and in command. The whole procedure was too open even for you, Toran. Yet you accepted my explanation of the matter, which was full of fallacies. See what I mean?Toran grimaced, and challenged him, How did you retain communications with your generals?There was no difficulty to it. Hyperwave transmitters are easy to handle and eminently portable. Nor could I be detected in a real sense Anyone who did catch me in the act would leave me with a slice gapped out of his memory. It happened, on occasion.On Neotrantor, my own infatuated emotions betrayed me again. Bayta was not under my control, but even so might never have suspected me if I had kept my head about the crown prince. His intentions towards Bayta annoyed me.I killed him. It was a foolish gesture. An unobtrusive flight would have served as well.And still your suspicions would not have been certainties, if I had stopped Pritcher in his well-intentioned babbling, or paid less help to Mis and more to you- He shrugged.Thats the end of it? asked Bayta.Thats the end.What now, then?Ill continue with my program. That Ill find another as adequately brained and trained as Ebling Mis in these degenerate days, I doubt. I shall have to search for the Second Foundation otherwise. In a sense you have defeated me.And now Bayta was upon her feet, triumphant. In a sense? Only in a sense? We have defeated you entirely All your victories outside the Foundation count for nothing, since the Galaxy is a barbarian vacuum now. The Foundation itself is only a minor victory, since it wasnt meant to stop your variety of crisis. Its the Second Foundation you must beat the Second Foundation and its the Second Foundation that will defeat you. Your only chance was to locate it and strike it before it was prepared. You wont do that now. Every minute from now on, they will be readier for you. At this moment, at this moment, the machinery may have started. Youll know when it strikes you, and your short term of power will be over, and youll be just another strutting conqueror, flashing quickly and meanly across the bloody face of history.She was animated hard, nearly gasping in her vehemence, And weve defeated you, Toran and I. I am satisfied to die.But the Mules sad, brown eyes were the sad, brown, loving eyes of Magnifico. I wont kill you or your husband. It is, after all, impossible for you two to hurt me further and killing you wont bring back Ebling Mis. My mistakes were my own, and I take responsibility for them. Your husband and yourself may leave Go in peace, for the sake of what I call friendship.Then, with a sudden touch of pride, And meanwhile I am still the Mule, the most powerful man in the Galaxy. I shall still defeat the Second Foundation.And Bayta shot her last arrow with a firm, calm certitude, You wont I have faith in the wisdom of Seldon yet. You shall be the last ruler of your dynasty, as well as the first.Something caught Magnifico. Of my dynasty? Yes, I had thought of that, often. That I might establish a dynasty. That I might have a adapted consort.Bayta suddenly caught the meaning of the look in his eyes and froze horribly.Magnifico shook his head. I sense your revulsion, but thats silly. If things were otherwise, I could make you happy very easily. It would be an mawkish ecstasy, but there would be no difference between it and the genuine emotion. But things are not otherwise. I call myself the Mule but not because of my strength obviously-He left them, never looking back.

Approaches to Decision Making Essay

There are twain common ways to make decisions regarding changes in an composition, especi tout ensembley when others are involved in the end result. The two ways would be to make decisions individually, do the decision by yourself or by creating a committee, getting others involved in the process. Knowing that something needs to change, centre that there has been a problem identified, evaluating alternatives and then selecting the solution. Depending on the problem and the criteria that will be evaluated in making the final decision, this will play an important part on whether individually making the decision is better than a root decision. When making decisions and changes that are going to effect m both, it typically is better to make group decisions.For larger companies, it is typical that a committee or a team would be created. Bringing together individuals of the organization that would be effected by these changes. Having a committee involved in the decision brings more than views, thoughts, past experiences and suggestions to the table to be evaluated for optimal solutions. Advantages of a group decision is there are more options contributed, the better rules that decisions made would be accepted by those involved in the decision as well. Quantities and diversity of information are greatest when group members submit different specialities. (Robbins, DeCenzo, & Coulter, 2011, p. 71).Finding a suitable solution is half of the battle, the next half would be implementation. By having a group decision enforced, will increase the success of changes since they were a part of it and will encourage change. In the example provided about budgetary concerns, it would be suggested that a committee be created with upper precaution from finance, human resources, and department managers to discuss how over header such as employees, supplies and other capital costs are effecting our business. Before having the initial meeting it would be suggested for distrib utively manager to evaluate their department and be ready to give suggestion of where they would be able to make individual changes without sacrificing the well being of the patients care.Once all contributions are made from each department, hearing the options of solutions would allow the committee members to discuss thechanges and place value on which options could be most beneficial. Options like reducing employee head count or hours, re-evaluating vendors where supplies are purchased from, eliminating overtime costs by having back up staff available or changing processes by reducing newsprint trails and going electronic. Each of these will need to be analyzed on immediate consequences or benefits and what the longer term effects will be. The disadvantage of functional with a committee is that there will prolong the process of making a decision, more meetings, more time and there could be more distasteful from individuals that will need to be talked into this decision.In the e xample about making budget cuts, one could make the decision alone and not consult with any other departments. The individual making decisions to cut staff, supplies or capital costs would need to crap a comprehensive understanding of all costs associated with the organization and what implications could be by reducing budgets. Even though it is just one person making the decision, it is very important to still do a pure(a) evaluation of what the problems are, evaluate multiple solutions and weigh the benefits or consequences of these changes. It would be very important to obtaining financial monthly statements/costs that are associated with each department.The benefit of making decisions solely is that multiple meetings would be eliminated, do not need to sell your idea or solution to others, and a decision could be made faster which will save time and money for the organization. The disadvantages of making a decision like this where it effects a group, out weigh the benefits. Y ou do not have access to others input and past experiences who have dealt with similar situations or hearing what concerns your management will have. By not including others, you have a higher chance of the decision not being welcomed by all and having resistant to the change and implementation.ReferencesRobbins, S., DeCenzo, D., & Coulter, M. (2011). Fundamentals of Management Essential Concepts and Applications (7th ed.).

Luxury Brand Marketing Essay

While the word lavishness is used in daily lives to refer to certain lifestyle, the underlying constructs definition is consumer and authority specific. If you earn less than 15000 a month, a pair of reebok shoes would be a really big luxury item for you. On the other hand, if you ar going to a party with some big-wigs a $100,000 car may not be a luxury. The word luxury originates from the Latin term luxus signifying, softish or extravagant living, indulgence, sumptuousness or opulence The meaning of luxury is extremely subjective and multidimensional in nature.It depends on dimension such as high price, high quality, uniqueness, exclusivity etc. What is a luxury product? In economic ground, luxury products are those who can consistently command and justify a higher price than products with equal functions and similar quality. In merchandise term, luxury products are those who can deliver emotional benefits which is hard to match by comparable products. The luxury sector targe ts its products and services at consumers on the top-end of the wealth spectrum.These self-selected elite are more or less price insensitive and choose to miss their time and money on objects that are plainly opulence rather than necessities. For these reasons, luxury and prestige brands have for centuries commanded an unwavering and often illogical customer loyalty. extravagance and prestige brands such as Rolex, Louis Vuitton and Cartier represent the highest form of craftsmanship and command a staunch consumer loyalty that is not affected by trends. These brands create and treated the seasonal trends and are also capable to pull uping all of their consumers with them wherever they go.Premium brands are those brands equivalent Polo Ralph Lauren, Calvin Klein and Tommy Hilfiger that aspire to be luxury and prestige brands but their trade mix strategies are more attuned to a mass market, albeit a luxury mass market. They are also termed as mass-premium brands or mass-luxury b rands. Fashion brands on the other hand are those that address the masses. Strategies for Luxury Marketing There are conventional foundations for ensuring success of a brand and they are listed below in brief 1. The brand must be expansive.Which means it should be full of innovation opportunities for the marketer and in terms of satisfying the divergent call for of the luxury consumer 2. The brand must tell a story It is this story, of either heritage or procedure or other aspects that goes on to build the atmospheric state of a brand over time. The story always accentuates the identity of the brand. 3. The brand must be relevant to the consumers needs Depending upon the mindset of the luxury class, it is imperative for a brand to satisfy those needs, whether they be for recognition or functional use etc. 4.The brand must align with consumers values A brand that does not concur with the basic values of a consumers society has a small chance of succeeding because luxury items are forms of expression or assignment for a luxury consumer. This makes it difficult for the consumer to adopt the brand in such cases. 5. The brand must perform Irrespective of which category the brand belongs to, a performance assurance is a must for the brand if it wishes to be in the evoked set of luxury consumers, considering the price organism paid for luxury. LUXURY brand marketing CONCEPTSSocialite as a Conductor In 2006, when Christian Dior chose Chawla as its spokesperson, everyone was shocked some secretly jealous. Chawlas association to be the face of the brand, be seen in Dior in the right circles, host events attended by the right people and generally hobnob with the circle that she already moves in. The money details are not clear people in the circuit and in the luxury industry say its part financial, part goodies. But it might be working. Chawla says, Dior has done implausibly well with a consistent rise in sales.It is the most visible brand in India with the highe st recall value in terms of marketing strategies implemented. Socialites being signed up for a fashion brand is not new, at least not in the West, says former fashion editor and luxury specializer Sujata Assomull-Sippy. She mentions Armanis 19-year-old association with British semi-royal and socialite Lady Helen Taylor that started when he designed her wedding gown in 1992. The association ended in 2009. Taylor, who was also the face for Bulgari, gave a sigh of relief and was glad to give up her uniform. Six years hence, Chawla is nowhere close to hanging up her Dior couture.The Mohan for Gucci buzz has engendered new aspirations in the circuit that goes beyond the hostess or the grander-sounding luxury consultant tags. The socialite is becoming more important in a luxury brands marketing strategy as she pulls in the right kind of crowd, says Priya Sachdev, creative director for TSG International Marketing that has brought brands like YSL, Diane von Furstenberg to India. Nichevert ising Brand consultant and strategist Harish Bijoor of Harish Bijoor Consults loftily terms it nichevertise vs massvertise. According to him the luxury brands are not for mass consumption and shouldnt be mass advertised.The social circuit gives them a fresh channel to sift out to their target audience without any noise. The socialite model of marketing targets the guest lists minus the hard sell, he says. Personal voice- distinct style Every luxury brand needs to develop a marketing strategy that not only helps them achieve their marketing goals, but is also in line with their brand. For example, time it makes sense for Christopher Bailey from Burberry to update the Burberry Facebook page with short videos he makes or music he supports, the same type of strategy might not work for somebody like Bentley or Rolex.Bijoor says that for luxury brands, sell is a four-letter word and not just literally and thats why they aim at buy. Luxury brands like to be bought, not sold, he says. Se ll is a top-down strategy which involves an element of shout you asking consumers to consider you. Buy, instead, is a pull-oriented strategy. Luxury brands love pull not push, he explains. This is ideal for the socialite marketing where the conversation with the brand is more visual and not aural.

Group Development Essay

The first stage is the forming stage. During this stage, things are characterized by much uncertainty. at that place is uncertainty as to what the purpose of the theme is, what the structure of the mathematical group is, and who the leadership of the group is going to be. Members of the group will want to test the waters and try to determine how utmost they can go and what they can get away with during this stage of the group outgrowth process.The second stage is the storming stage. During this stage of group development, the members of the group accept the universe of the group but are against the restraints put on individual creativity. This can lead to serious problems if there is not some sort of compromise or agreement put in place on allowing individuals to be creative within the guidelines of the send off.The one-third stage is the norming stage. During this stage, relationships among team members are becoming closer and group cohesiveness is coming together. The group identity is really becoming clear. This stage is considered complete when the structure of the group is completely solidified and the members of the group have unyielding on what is considered proper behavior for members of the group. In my opinion, this is bingle of the most critical stages in group development.The fourth stage is the performing stage. This stage of group development is really when things start to happen. Members of the team have fully accepted the structure and the team is working towards accomplishing the goals that were set forth initially. The group has gone from getting to turn in each other to complete understanding and working on accomplishing thetask at hand.The fifth and final stage of group development is the adjourning stage. This is only true(p) for groups that are temporary. Permanent work groups are finished after stage four. This stage is normally when the group finalizes and wraps up the tasks that they have been asked to perform and then they go their separate ways. This stage is hopefully where the get a line is finalized and the group has been successful at accomplishing the goals that were initially set forth. Problem IdentificationThere are two major problems that I see in this situation. The first problem that I see with this group is that there is going to be conflict of interests from each of the different groups. individually of the groups have different agendas as to how to fully accomplish the goals of the project. This can lead to problems or possibly a severe conflict between one or more of the groups. This differing of opinions and attitudes by the groups could also possibly lead to an overall failure to achieve any of the objectives of the group.The second major problem that I see with this project is demographic diversity. There are such wide and varied demographics in the school district that this project is going to take place. There could be conflicts that one demographic is being favored over anothe r. There could also be problems that stem from this. If one demographic seems to think that another is being favored, then they could receive problems for the overall project and the goals of that project. Retrospective EvaluationThe solution for the first problem will be the easiest of the two problems. During the formation of the development group for this project, common goals rent to be decided upon by the development team. These goals read to be approved by all of the different entities that have an interest in this project succeeding. There should be one major common goal for the project and all of the groups should agree to this goal. If they cannot agree to a common goal, then there really is no need to go forward with the project.The solution for the second problem is going to be a little harder to solve. I believe that a non-interested third company group should be brought in to oversee the project. This will allow for an impartial representative to make decisions and a lso to ensure that no one demographic group is being favored more than another. If one groups interests are being pushed and another group see this favoritism, it could lead to problems and thus an overall failure of the project. Therefore, a third party should be placed in charge and there should be no conflicts because they should not favor any one particular group. ReflectionThe project is all about making things better for the kids of this school district. This could lead to better educational opportunities for all involved within the district. However, there are possible issues that need to be solved for this project to move forward and be a success. If these issues are addressed in the beginning then there should be resolutions and no problems should arise. This will allow a successful project and the enhancement of educational opportunities for the children of the school district.

How Judaism and Christianity Diverged

The origins of Christianity can be originated in Judaism and for that reason it is no surprise that both religions have many beliefs in common. During the earliest beginnings, Christianity was a part of Judaism, but currently they are two distinct communities. However, they are bound together by their belief in bingle God and to worship any other is to deny Him. The separation between both religions did not happen fast or easy. The entire division took some hundred years and the very complex separation didnt happen all at once. Christianity began with delivery boy Christ and his disciples round 2000 years ago in Judea.Throughout that duration of time, Judea was ruled over the emperor of Rome, Constantine. The Romans were pagan and had polytheistic beliefs that made it difficult for the Jews. Therefore, the Jews began to disgust Romans and wait for their the Nazarene as was promised. The Jewish law secures that a descendant from the house of David will come to set up Gods Kingdom on earth. deliveryman Christ has been known in many names Son of Man, Son of God and the Word. Christ comes from the Greek tidings Christos which can be translated of the Hebrew word Messiah. messiah Christ himself followed the Jewish faith and the Jewish law. From village to village, Jesus began teaching synagogues and healing the suffering. Before long, a group of twelve men followed Jesus after his teachings motivated many bulk and caused instability that the Jewish authority werent pleased of. This had threatened the Jewish people. Jesus commenced on talking around the new covenant that God would bring people through him. It would restore the association between humankind and God that was gone because of sin. It would, also, re-establish the fellowship of forgiveness and love.As a prophet, Jesus knew he would be crucified on the Roman cross to pay for the sins committed by all humanity. As he was saying that he was the Son of God, the Jews werent opened to his message. Pries ts of temples have called Jesus Christ blasphemous because he didnt fit the mold as the Son of Man, Glory of the vault of heaven, or the Messiah. He doesnt look like a king they have imagined and thought of him as pathetic and rejected him. When Jesus first came to Israel, Jesus said publicly, I was sent only to the lost sheep of Israel. Are you the Christ, the Son of the Blessed One? a high priest ask him and Jesus replied, I am, And you will see the Son of Man sitting at the right hand of the Mighty One and coming on the clouds of heaven (Mark 1461-62). This oasist convinced them that Jesus was the Messiah and condemned him to torture and death for lying. Eli Eli lama sabachthani was Jesus last words as he was crucified as stated in the New Testament. After three days, he was resurrected and ascended to the heavens in front of six hundred people. His disciples began to interruption his word to various parts of the populace. After Paul, one of Jesus disciples and his right h and man, failed to convince the Jews, Paul had to resort to converting the Romans.Around 312 A. D. , Emperor Constantine I adopted the Christian faith and, therefore, legalized Christianity. He supported the Christian Church and tried to abandon all the pagan temples. In 325 A. D. , he sent for the Council of Nicaea to establish the Nicene Creed. The emperor wanted to enforce orthodoxy and to eradicate heretics. Christianity began to spread and detached its way from Judaism. The Roman government began to acknowledge its independence and the emperor let them go from paying the fiscus judaicus, a tax for Jewish people as a penalty after the revolt of 66 A. D.Finally, the success of Christianity made it the official religion of the Roman Empire in 324 A. D. The main Christian belief was that Jesus was the savior of all people. Those who believed that Jesus was the fulfillment of messianic prophesy of the elderly Testament converted to Christianity, including some Jews. Judaism and Chr istianity both share the Old Testament and the Word of God. However, in Christian teachings Jesus Christ is the Messiah and the Savior and Judaism denies the idea of him being the Messiah. Initially being a Jewish cabal in the first century, Christianity stretched into the Greco-Roman areas.During the Middle Ages it spread into Northern Europe and Russia. Currently, Christianity extended to all parts of the world and is now the largest religion in the world with around 2 billion followers. The religion has broaden to many sects such as Roman catholic, Eastern Orthodox, Protestant and so forth. Bibliography The Bible. N. p. n. p. , n. d. RSV Bible. Web. 26 Feb. 2010. . Christianity. Religion Facts. N. p. , n. d. Web. 26 Feb. 2010. . Wenner, Sarah. History of Christianity. MNSU. Ed. Salman Hakim. N. p. , 2009. Web. 26 Feb. 2010. . All About Religion. N. p. , n. d. Web. 26 Feb. 2010. .

Communication Opinion Essay

Effective communication plays a significant role in providing proper care for uncomplainings. According to Cheesebro, OConnor, and Rios (2010) communication is sometimes defined as the process of sending and receiving put acrosss (para. 14). For the communication to be effective both the sender, and the receiver must understand the message. The way individuals communicate is altered according to their audience or environment. For example if an instructor is communicating with small talk his or her tone and vocabulary would differ from communicating through informational talk.The same goes for when an individual communicates with children or adults. Even though the tone and style of communication may be altered to fit the audience, the process of communication has to diaphragm the same to be effective. Effective communication allows health care professionals to gain trust in a reluctant consumer and handle cultural differences among patients. The quadruplet basic elements of the communication process include a sender, message, receiver, and feedback. In effective communication the sender constructs a message that is appropriate for the receiver(s).According to Haycock (2003) there are 3 elements called the 3Ts that the sender should consider when constructing an effective message. The 3Ts are tone, tools (computer, video, note, etc. ), and tactics. It is important to think the message through before sending it to be sure it is as give the sack and concise as possible. In effective communication the receiver should be able to understand the message completely. The receiver may have to decode the message to gain full sagacity. If he or she still does not understand the message, the receiver should use feedback to ask the sender for clarification.Feedback is an important part of effective communication because the sender learns if the receiver understood the message or not. If the receiver did not understand the message feedback allows the sender the op portunity to elucidate the message. In short, feedback is the primary marrow of increasing personal awareness and establishing a shared understanding. You should give and get as much feedback as possible (Cheesebro, et. al. , 2010, para. 23). Health care communication encompasses the four basic elements of communication. However, the basic rules of health care communication are a little more complex.According to du Pre (2005) People are actively involved in health communication. They are not passive recipients of information (pg. 9). Providers specifically focus on the tone and presentation of the message to ensure patients satisfaction. The ultimate goal in health care communication is to develop and maintain a shared understanding between health care professionals and patients. Physicians may use the biomedical or biopsychosocial model when communicating with patients. With the biomedical model, physicians use short and to-the-point questions or statements.This limits the patient input, which can cause the patient to feel dissatisfied with the care or diagnosis. The emolument of using the biomedical model is that it willing save time. Although the biopsychosocial model does not save time, it is more effective when communicating in the health care desktop because it focuses more on patients feelings. This reduces the risk of malpractice lawsuits, therefore saving money in the end. Whether health care professionals use the biomedical or biopsychosocial model, they will still encounter reluctant consumers.A provider may advance a reluctant consumer to communicate candidly by validating the patients concerns, uphold complete honesty, and share plenty of ideas or information. When a consumer is reluctant, he or she can have a bad attitude and less willingness to listen. To encourage the reluctant consumer to communicate candidly it is extremely important that the provider maintains patience yet remain slightly persistent. The tone and presentation delivered by the provider makes a significant difference when persuading consumers to communicate openly.A patient may be reluctant to share open communication with a provider because of cultural differences. some(a) individuals feel extremely strong about their cultural beliefs, which can make it difficult for physicians to discuss cultural differences with patients. Providers generally share the same main goal, which is to friend improve patients health. When the patients cultural beliefs go against certain tests and treatments it can sometimes prevent providers from doing reaching this goal.When providers cannot help improve patients health it an be very difficult. However, providers must respect patients wishes. To be effective, health communicators must be concerned enough to soften close attention to peoples behavior and knowledgeable enough to recognize cultural and personal preferences that make people different (du Pre, 2005, pg. 8). Barriers can face-lift in health care because o f reluctant consumers or patients with strong cultural beliefs. Effective communication through the sender, message, receiver, and feedback can aid in breaking stilt these barriers.Once patients and providers can break down barriers it permits more open discussions and proper health care. Communication, especially in health care should be thought out, elegant to feeling, clear, concise, and appropriate. According to du Pre (2005) Communication, then, is an ongoing process of sharing and creating meaning. The challenge is not merely to put thoughts into words, but to cooperate with others in developing a shared understanding of what is happening and what it means (pg. 10).

Hmong Culture Essay

The Hmong people is a minority ethnical group that resides in several countries worldwide. Hmong people is originally from Laos, a Asian country. The Hmong people usually resides on the mountains and their life has revolved around their inherent lifestyle and beliefs. War and migration along with the long history of creation an oppressed ethnic group developed Hmong way of life. However, the Hmong culture is so persistent despite the forces of alternate around. The typical day of a Hmong family will start usually at four in the morn or when the rooster crows.The oldest daughter or daughter-in-law prepare the breakfast for the family, feed the animals and do the household chores. The hubby occasionally helps his wife in feeding the animals and grinding the corn. After breakfast, the working members of the family will head push through to the field and allow their children at the feel for of their paternal grandparents. Children who are six years old and senior(a) accompany the ir parents in the fields and do what they can do to help. The working members of the family usually go collection plate before sunset and they gather firewood, plants and herbs along the way to add to their supplies at home.Hmong always have dinner party together as a family and share stories of the day. A traditional Hmong family is patriarchal and the son tends to not to leave the house of his parents to work for them and to have someone to take care of his children while he and his wife is off tending the fields. Hmong are group oriented and they tend to depend on each other for survival. Thus, the chase of the groups must come first before the vested interest of the individual. Family is the basic social unit in the formal Hmong society. It is the unit of production, consumption, socialization, social control and mutual assistance.The common Hmong family is composed of an extended family that is made up of some generations. Hmong people are animists, they acquire strong be lief in spirits and the supernatural world that cannot be explained by exact science. However, most of the Hmong people in United States become Christians but the traditional phantasmal beliefs remain in them as part of their cultural holds. Still, practices and ceremonies are altered as Hmong adapt on the American society. Hmong people deeply believes that the souls live in a supernatural world. These spirits decide when a person dies.Also, they believe that these spirits or souls are Hmong people waiting to be born or to be reborn and reenter the earth. Furthermore, many Hmong believe that every person has a personal spirit who takes care of him, just like a guardian angel. Contacts with these spirits is usually done by the priest-doctor or the religious and medical leader of the group. The shaman is the Hmong resident physician and their role is mainly to heal pallid people and to prevent further spreading of illness or disease through interaction of the spirits. The shaman i s one of the most important people in the Hmong village.He is the one who provides hope in multiplication of crises. The shaman also guides the people in difficult situations. In addition to the shaman, Hmong people also practice traditional alternative medicine through the use of herbs and plants which grow in the wild in the mountains. From these plants, they defecate ointments and salves to help them with their injuries and to make the sick feel better. However, Hmong people in the United States adapted to the American modernized medicine. But still, Hmong people continue to visit a shaman once in a while as part of their rich and undying custom and tradition.

Dance Essay

Jameisha Tucker Divine Purpose saltation Team 08. 01. 11. Co-Captain Admissions Essay The term superior is substitut up to(p) with the term leader. By definition, a leader is soulfulness who is in an advanced position to take the opening in order to go forth and bear witness the way. A terpsichore captain should be able to make intelligent and creative decisions quickly and efficiently. macrocosm a dance team captain for the correctly Marching Lions has so much more to do with choreography and precision.Because we ar a part of a Christian marching grade insignia, our purpose and our duty to effectuate that purpose is ten times greater than that of a traditional marching band. Without beau ideal, we would not keep this disdainful opportunity and because of that we have to do things differently than the realness would. We as band members are tout ensemble work towards a goal which is ministering and showing the orbit the violence of youth through the will of God. A captain must be able to effectively overtake and build a positive relationship with the team.A good relationship between captain and team is essential to the success of the team. Without it, e realone may not be on one accord and to accomplish our goals we all have to look and think equal one. all(prenominal) team has there issues and there is eer so divergence to be a time when someone is trouble with someone else. Although our actions and words may not unceasingly project to be what we intend them to be, there are unceasingly reasonable solutions that can be taken in order to avoid altercations.We are of God and therefore we need to try our best to always show the love of God. I believe that I do posses many qualities of a leader. I am always pushing and striving to be greater. in that location may be times where I do get a dance move in good order away but I go spot and practice until I feel I have mastered that move. I enjoy the fitness that we do before practice be cause I want a stronger body so that I can be a better dancer. I have a genuinely independent somebodyality and it is exclusively because I want to be the best Christian, dancer, and overall person that I can be.One of our dance tattoos is NO COMPROMISE. I do not ever want to compromise myself or my beliefs to fit it. A leader never fits in. I always try my best to follow instructions because I know that this dance team is not only for me, it is for the world. We have to show the world the light. In this band you have to become selfless and know that when you are performing it is so that we can reach the world and save lives. Although I am also a dancer on my schools dance team I would still be truly committed to Divine Purpose.My contributions to this dance team would be enthusiasm, hard work ethic, and dedication. I am very excited to be apart of this dance team. I have been apart from the very beginning. I repute our first performance at the WE Fest on that very small stage. We didnt even have team T-shirts but we tried to dance our hearts out. Moments like those are ones I never want to forget. I cannot wait for the incoming dancers to begin so that our team can grow and flourish. Pastor Powe is always talk on legacy and I want to be able to leave one for future dancers.Dance EssayJameisha Tucker Divine Purpose Dance Team 08. 01. 11. Co-Captain Admissions Essay The term captain is synonymous with the term leader. By definition, a leader is someone who is in an advanced position to take the initiative in order to go forth and show the way. A dance captain should be able to make intelligent and creative decisions quickly and efficiently. Being a dance team captain for the Mighty Marching Lions has so much more to do with choreography and precision.Because we are a part of a Christian marching band, our purpose and our duty to fulfill that purpose is ten times greater than that of a traditional marching band. Without God, we would not have this grand opp ortunity and because of that we have to do things differently than the world would. We as band members are all working towards a goal which is ministering and showing the world the power of youth through the will of God. A captain must be able to effectively communicate and build a positive relationship with the team.A good relationship between captain and team is essential to the success of the team. Without it, everyone may not be on one accord and to accomplish our goals we all have to look and think like one. Every team has there issues and there is always going to be a time when someone is upset with someone else. Although our actions and words may not always project to be what we intend them to be, there are always reasonable solutions that can be taken in order to avoid altercations.We are of God and therefore we need to try our best to always show the love of God. I believe that I do posses many qualities of a leader. I am always pushing and striving to be greater. There may be times where I do get a dance move right away but I go home and practice until I feel I have mastered that move. I enjoy the fitness that we do before practice because I want a stronger body so that I can be a better dancer. I have a very independent personality and it is only because I want to be the best Christian, dancer, and overall person that I can be.One of our dance tattoos is NO COMPROMISE. I do not ever want to compromise myself or my beliefs to fit it. A leader never fits in. I always try my best to follow instructions because I know that this dance team is not only for me, it is for the world. We have to show the world the light. In this band you have to become selfless and know that when you are performing it is so that we can reach the world and save lives. Although I am also a dancer on my schools dance team I would still be very committed to Divine Purpose.My contributions to this dance team would be enthusiasm, hard work ethic, and dedication. I am very excited t o be apart of this dance team. I have been apart from the very beginning. I remember our first performance at the WE Fest on that very small stage. We didnt even have team T-shirts but we tried to dance our hearts out. Moments like those are ones I never want to forget. I cannot wait for the incoming dancers to begin so that our team can grow and flourish. Pastor Powe is always preaching on legacy and I want to be able to leave one for future dancers.

Project on Time Series

Project 4 yield 2012 1. Open the data file call(a)ed JCrew on Blackboard under the Assignments link. 2. Get a 4 tiptop Moving Average for the data employ Time Series Analysis. 3. Highlight the gross column and the 4MA column. inset /Line. 4. Go back to the data. Time Series Analysis/ Exponential Smoothing. Use alpha of . 7. 5. Highlight Revenue and Smoothed and Insert /Line. 6. Go back to the data. Time Series Analysis/ Trendline / pick Exp Ln. Check the Scatterplot and all boxes on the right side. 7. Finally, go back to the data and choose Time Series/ Deseasonalize. Questions 1.Compare the 4 pinnacle moving average chart to the exponentially smoothed one. Which one shows the SECULAR trend better? Explain. The quartet point moving average shows the secular trend better because its values arent as volatilizable as they are in the exponentially smoothed model. 2. What is the forecasted revenue for JCrew in Quarter I of 2010 using Exponential Smoothing? 377. 388 in Q1 of 2010 Lo ok at the Logged Model 3. What percent of the variation in Revenue is explained by Time? 84% of the variation is explained by time 4. By how much does Revenue change per draw off on average? Revenue changes by 4. % per quarter on average 5. Are there either outliers (suspicious or definite)? There is one outlier at time period 4, but it is only suspicious 6. Is Auto correlativity a problem? No because the Durbin-Watson is 2. 77 therefore reject fail to reject H0 H0 No residual correlation (p=0) H1 Positive residual correlation (p1) 7. Does the data seem to fit the plot salubrious? Explain. Yes it fits the plot well in general. There is one suspicious value that skews the plot. Look at the Deseasonalized Model 8. What is the secular trendline? y=10. 15x + 139. 39 9. How well does the model explain JCrews revenue? 94. 2% of the variation in Jcrews revenue is explained by the model 10. Which quarter is most fortunate for JCrew? 1st Quarter is the most prosperous for Jcrew with a se asonal index of . 898 11. Fill in the following table 2010 t Predicted SI augur QI 21 352. 54 . 898 316. 58 QII 22 362. 69 . 968 351. 08 QIII 23 372. 84 . 938 349. 72 QIV 24 382. 99 1. 196 458. 06

Hemodialysis In Esrd Diabetics Health And Social Care Essay

Chronic kidney disease ( CKD ) is defined as the irreversible loss of kidney map and heap be categorized as symptomless kidney harm with mild renal disfunction or end-stage nephritic disease ( ESRD ) . ESRD finally consequences in decease with break through nephritic replacing therapy, which rout out be either nephritic organ transplant or dialysis. Nephritic replacing therapy as a discussion protocol identifies that, at end-stage nephritic disease, the optimum interference is kidney organ transplant, as dialysis contribute non duplicate the biosynthetic and metabolic activities of the normal kidney ( Haller, Gutjahr, Kramar, Harnoncourt, & A Oberbauer, 2011 ) .End-stage nephritic diseases and its precursor CKD ar globally emerging as a important frequent wellness job, with increasing morbidity and mortality any bit heavy as stinting deductions for health address, ( Szucsa, Sandoza, & A Keuschb, 2004 ) . The World Health Organization 2002 estimation indicated that glob ally CKD contri anywayses to oer 850 000 deceases and over 15 million disability-adjusted sprightliness disuse ages, with epidemic rise of ESRD in multiple move in the universe. The study notes that by 2010 to a greater extent than 2 million wad will necessitate consider dialysis worldwide, ( WHO, 2003 ) .In St. Lucia, chronic nephritic inadequacy as a consequence of diabetes, soaring blood pressure, autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease, and reaping hook cell disease are the chief crusade for get bundleing dialysis interpellation in patients with kidney map failure. This is compar equal to(p) to the distinguishings of PeroviA and JankoviA ( 2009 ) . Zelmer ( 2007 ) postulates that non scarcely is ESRD a chronic disease with important morbidity impact, but it besides involves high- equal intervention options. These options are frequently limited in ontogenesis states such as St. Lucia, where gett satisfactory options include haemodialysis or the aggressive post ion of hazard factors to circumscribe copy advance of ESRD. globular estimations indicate that about 30 % of patients with ESRD are as a put together of diabetic nephrosis quotation . In St. Lucia, the figure is significantly higher, stand foring 41 % of the ESRD patients who stomach received haemodialysis for the period 2002-2009. At the terminal figure of that 8 twelvemonth period ( 2002-2009 ) mortality rate among that population was every bit high as 53 % with mean age at decease be 57 old ages. These statistical figures indicate that ESRD among diabetics is a serious wellness concern with inauspicious clinical results that straight impact pure tone of livelinessspan while bring forthing significant medical be.The stinting force per unit areas of ESRD intervention on the corporate wellness system are straightforward documented. Haller et Al. ( 2011 ) identifies it as choice intensifier, necessitating significant sums of finite health care financess to handle a li ttle per centum of the population. In 2005 entirely, trouble for ESRD patients in Canada represented 1.2 % of all health care outgo, despite an incidence of 0.092 % , ( Zelmer, 2007 ) . Less than 0.06 % of St. Lucians capture ESRD, yet the disease generated direct health care woo is important compared to different diseases. In 2008, the direct health care terms of ESRD was $ 2.2 million EC, about 5 % of the health care outgo, the economic w ogdoad of which was borne chiefly by the authorities. These findings indicate that the economic sciences of ESRD therapies are a little but instead big-ticket(prenominal) section within the overall health care supplying in any state. Yet price- importiveness surveies of the modes of intervention are few ( Haller, 2011 ) .Cost-effectiveness is the fastest turning field in wellness research and it embodies a signifier of full economic rating that looks at monetary value and effect of wellness programmes or intervention ( Muennig, 2008 ) . U sing the definition by Palmer ( 2005 ) that states court-effectiveness surveies compare be with clinical results mensural in natural units, like life anticipation or old ages of diseases avoided , Glassock ( 2010 ) noted that the entirety of be may non needfully be captured. However, it is a effectual tool with pertinence for the enconomic anlaysis of issues within the wellness system.Cost-effectiveness digest ( CEA ) of intercession programmes as a valuable tool employed by decision-makers can be use to stones throw every bit Wellss as per happening better how the wellness system operates. Its application al utters polity shapers to place which intercessions provide the highest measure for money and help in upholding to choose intercessions and programmes that maximize wellness for the useable resources. Health economic experts are able to buy the almost wellness under a furbish up budget, prioritising services within the wellness sector. CEA thereof requires infor mation on the extent to which topical and possible intercessions repair population wellness, i.e. , effectivity and the resources required to implement the intercessions, i.e. , costs, ( Muennig, 2008 ) .The comprehension of cost agencies that the design of the mass will commix cost-unit summary as a tool to analyze the economic impact of the proviso of the service of dialysis for terminal phase nephritic patients with diabetes and cost effectivity to find the case adjusted life twelvemonth ( QALYs ) or wellness related musical note of life ( HRQoL ) for that population. The chief result step will concentrate on costs per theatrical role-adjusted life old ages ( QALYs ) , similar to a go over conducted in Austria ( Haller et al. , 2011 ) . QALYs were estimated utilizing the 15D, a generic exchangeable instrument to mensurate wellness related quality of life, ( Sintonen, 2001 ) .Cost will be viewed from the emplacement of direct disbursement on wellness attention for dia lysis, coupled with the indirect costs of productiveness losingss due to untimely decease and short- and long-run disablement. The impact of mortality costs as the amount of the discounted present value of current and future productiveness losingss from premature deceases will be measured from an incident-based human capital attack, pulling from a similar survey conducted in Canada in 2000 ( Zelmer, 2007 ) . Muennig ( 2008 ) posits that because it is frequently hard to account for all cost, and the line up and resource restraints associated with micro-costing, certain exposit as relates to costs are frequently do during cost-effectiveness outline.This survey employs the utilization of a authorities carriage to analyse the cost effectivity of dialysis for terminal phase nephritic patients with diabetes in St. Lucia. This requires that cost analysis be conducted to mensurate the repeating direct and indirect cost of supplying the service. In the part, specifically in the state under survey, wellness attention organisations seldom know the cost of the service provided and seldom employ the tools needed to measure that cost on a regular footing. In a globally runing economic society, economic tendencies have made it imperative for both net in bugger off and non-profit organisations that provide services, including authorities bureaus, to measure the cost of clinical services provided. Finance for wellness is non infinite and with significant budget cuts in the wellness service industry, on that purport is increasing force per unit area for wellness attention installations to go more accountable and be more efficient with the financess allocated to wellness attention ( Basch, 1999 ) . Health economic sciences recognises the demand for wellness services to be provided in a mode that is non merely efficient but sustainable. Measuring, understanding and documenting the cost of services makes it easier to better cost-efficiency of these services, while foregro unding the support demands of the sector and by extension the authorities. It besides provides an chance to set up fees for clients that are based on realistic site costs.Previous surveies on cost-effectiveness of intervention options for ESRD have compared different modes of dialysis or organ transplant, commendation . The analysis of haemodialysis versus pharmaceutical command to stand up ESRD patterned advance flexible joints on the fact that the current capacity of the renal social unit in St. Lucia can non supply dialysis for all ESRD patients. But it is rather clear that haemodialysis like pharmaceutical electric charge is non the optimum intervention option for ESRD as the optimum protocol is organ transplant. The wellness system in St. Lucia is mandated by its aims to better the wellness of the population and accordingly needs to guarantee that its limited resources are non given up to expensive intercessions with little effects on population wellness, while at the sa me clip low cost intercessions with potentially greater benefits are non to the full implemented.While old research has been conducted to place the economic impact of the estimated health-care costs for ESRD, every bit good as the cost-effectiveness of assorted options for nephritic replacing therapies, similar surveies have non been replicated in the resource strapped Eastern Caribbean. This survey wishes to concentrate on the cost-effectiveness of haemodialysis among type 2 diabetics in St. Lucia over an 8 twelvemonth period ( 2002-2008 ) . Using the employ of CEA, it aims at comparing the cost and effects or results ( cost-effectiveness ) of haemodialysis for diabetic nephropathy utilizing the comparator of making nil, which in this instance is the pharmaceutical direction of patients with diabetic kidney diseases to hold water patterned advance of ESRD. This is particularly relevant to the wellness system in St. Lucia, as concerns on the prevalence of diabetes mellitus and its rate of addition, and the determination to spread out the service to two new installations in the absence of research requires that a better apprehension of the range and magnitude of the entire economic clog of ESRD and the cost effectivity of dialysis intervention for diabetics with ESRD. The findings will serve to inform those doing policy determinations, and may be utile in set uping a set of precedences for farther research, bar plans, and in the planning of alternate interventions to assist relieve that load.MethodologyThis survey uses a retrospective attack to data aggregation. The survey population was selected from the solitary public Renal Unit which forms portion of the general infirmary, capital of Seychelles infirmary. While there is another Nephritic Unit of measurement in St. Lucia that offers dialysis, it is a portion of the private infirmary which did non wish to take part in this survey. The survey population comprised ESRD patients with diabetic kidney disease s. Patients were considered depending on whether they received haemodialysis or whose diabetes was being pharmaceutically managed to detain ESRD patterned advance. Of the 111 patients on dialysis, 45 were due to diabetic kidney disease and 21 were actively having organ transplant at the clip the survey was being conducted. The nephrologists identify 12 ESRD patients who were non having dialysis but were being managed pharmaceutically.All diabetics who are or have been on dialysis with end-stage nephritic disease for the period 2002-2009 and were having dialysis due to diabetic kidney diseases were included in the survey. Persons were excluded from this survey if they were on dialysis prior to being diagnosed with diabetes. The comparator group differs from the haemodialysis group merely in the signifier of intervention that they are having, dwelling of all patients with ESRD due to diabetic kidney diseases who are non having dialysis but whose diabetes is sharply managed with medici ne to detain ESRD patterned advance.Chronic conditions such as ESRD require uninterrupted intervention and as a effect a cost-effectiveness of intervention options over a period of clip for a cohort of patients, employs the usage of the Markov notional account to look into long term costs and results. The Markov theoretical account developed for this survey describes the subroutine of attention observing that patients were assigned or began their patterned advance through the theoretical account in either of two provinces, hospital haemodialysis or pharmaceutical direction of type 2 diabetes to detain ESRD patterned advance, and decease signifies the terminal of the rhythm.A systematic literature reappraisal was conducted of peer-reviewed economic ratings of dialysis intervention modes among diabetic patients. Ebscohost and PubMed were searched utilizing the keywords cost-effectiveness, dialysis, end-stage nephritic disease and diabetic kidney disease and was limited to articles p ublished in the last 12 old ages ( 2000-2011 ) , some articles, if they fell out of the selected old ages of publication were accepted based on the strength of their findings. The inclusion standards identified articles that included the keywords in the capable headers every bit good as the usage of Renal Replacement Therapy/economics, Renal Dialysis/economics, Hemodialysis Units, or Kidney Failure. If they included the term peritoneal dialysis or haemodialysis they were besides included. Exclusion standards of articles were identified as non-English articles and those that did non compare intervention options. More than 500 articles were identified but 31 were selected for manual reappraisal.Data on wellness attention costs, passage to other wellness provinces and quality of life were imputed into the Markov theoretical account. Data was obtained from the Renal Unit at the Victoria Hospital, the public wellness installation. Data on quality of life was obtained utilizing the 15D, a multidimensional, standardised generic instrument to mensurate quality or health-related quality of life ( Sintonen, 2001 ) . The 15D was used since it combines the advantages of a profile and individual index mark step that describes the wellness position by measuring 15 dimensions. The mean mark value for each dimension was used to find the wellness related quality of life in the survey population.The usage of the 15D used to mensurate quality of life result was reported in QALYs, a step of the load of disease that included the quality and measure of life lived against a pecuniary value, medical intervention or intercession. The mean mark value for each dimension measured by the 15D was used to find the wellness related quality of life of the survey population utilizing the graduated table provided by Sintonen ( 2001 ) . The findings were standardized against the load of disease markers identified by the WHO ( Ref ) .Other variables were considered in the survey and a standard qu estionnaire was administered to the survey population to obtain informations on the socio-economic position of individuals within the survey population. The socio-demographic questionnaire was tested against a pool of eight individuals from those who are on dialysis for grounds other than diabetic nephropathy and who were as similar to the survey population in footings of gender, instruction, socio-economic position and geographic location. Contented analysis was used to measure the information obtained from the socio-demographic questionnaire.All survey participants were provided with a missive refering anonymity and confidentiality and informed consent was obtained prior to engagement. Ethical blessing was obtained from the IRB at St. George s University and the moralss commission of the Ministry of Health in St. Lucia.CostssCost-effectiveness was examined from a governmental position utilizing the clinical records of the Division of Nephrology patient enrollment and charge system s at the Victoria Hospital coupled with information from published surveies on endurance and quality of life among diabetic nephropathy patients. The theoretical account used included the direct wellness service costs associated with the intervention options, and an annual cost per patient was measured for each wellness province in the theoretical account. Direct health care costs associated with dialysis usage included bing regular dialysis Sessionss, complications of the dialysis, such as curdling of the fistulous decrease or hypotension episodes, research lab trials and services required as a effect of dialysis and medicine usage as a consequence of intervention. Premises were made on the regularity of direct health care cost associated with dialysis, such as regularity of research lab testing and blood transfusions. Micro-costing, roll uping informations on staffing, consumables, capital, and operating expenses were used to find the cost of one session of haemodialysis ( Tabl e 1 ) . merged interviews were used to obtain inside informations sing staff clip allocated to dialysis activities, every bit good as the regularity of other services used as a consequence of the intervention options. The survey identified capital points as the edifice infinite allotted to the Unit for intervention, and equipment such as the dialysis machines and air conditioner unit. Costss have been reported in Eastern Caribbean Dollars ( EC ) presented at the 2008 degree and an tantamount one-year cost calculated utilizing a 3 per centum price reduction rate over the predicted life span.Muennig ( 2008 ) argues that a governmental position can include some facets of transportantion costs. Evidence from the Minstry of Communication and Works and the conveyance board imply that there is no nationally agreed policy for conveyance costs. There are fluctuations across St. Lucia in footings of milage, hence for the intents of our analysis, conveyance costs are excluded.The survey revie wed costs over an 8 twelvemonth period ( 2002-2009 ) . This clip frame was partially determined by the handiness of the informations two old ages after the programme was initiated and the premisss made with mention to the analysis were tabulated ( Table 2 ) . Incremental costs per QALY gained were calculated by utilizing the estimations of costs and QALYs for each of the two modes obtained from the theoretical account, and the findings were presented as incremental costs per QALY.A one-way sensitiveness analysis was used to look into variableness in the information, changing the price reduction rate from 3 % to 5 % the age weights and disablement weights. A concluding sensitiveness analysis of mortality rates was besides conducted since the premise was that the mortality rates for haemodialysis were the same as those of pharmaceutical direction of ESRD diabetics.Consequences Presentation of Results Discussion Discussion of Results and deductions Locke ( 1987 ) is a advocate of the position that all surveies have build in restrictions and boundary line. Primary and secondary information was used in this survey. Jankowich ( 2005 ) warns of the restrictions of the usage of secondary informations, as the methodological analysis used in garnering secondary informations has come into research. The survey was limited by the truth and quality of the informations, which Basch ( 1999 ) argues is a repeating job in developing states. The questionnaire as a tool for garnering information airss some disadvantages, as it does non supply an chance for inquiries to be exquisite or to verify that replies are understood or that all inquiries are answered. In add-on it message that the individuals being surveyed must hold the pre-requisite literacy suements. This restriction was minimized by pre-testing the socio-demographic questionnaire was tested against a pool of eight individuals from those who were on dialysis for grounds other than diabetic nephropathy and who were as similar to the survey population in footings of gender, instruction, socio-economic position and geographic location, ( Table 2 ) . Another restriction to the survey was the inability to prove the 15D questionnaire as it could non be altered to be more specific.Low response rate every bit good as non-response disfavour for the questionnaire may significantly skew the information as the survey population is so little. Jankowicz ( 2005 ) argues that coaction is maximized when respondents are in some sense rewarded for cooperation and that these wagess outweigh the cost in footings of money and attempt. To accomplish this, respondents were shown that their information was valued and the construction of the questionnaire would necessitate really small in footings of clip and attempt.The absence of other surveies that compared the intervention modes used in this survey serves as a restriction of this paper, but it remains the lone feasible comparator that was available to the researc h worker.There are restrictions and troubles in any effort to cipher the just cost of a dialysis session, particularly in public installations where cost is subsidized ( commendation? ) , as every aspect of attention and cost associated with the session must be taken into consideration. Consequently premises were made on cost for direct and indirect services related to intervention options compared in this survey, ( Muennig, 2008 ) . Premises are justified as this is a non-funded research with clip restraints and a demand to cut down cost drivers. The survey was besides limited in its position as it could non show on national costs from a social position such as the patient s ability to work or the chance costs.The strength of the survey lies in the usage of triangulation to garner and analyze informations to determine their common decision, effectivity based on costs and QALYs. Decrop ( 1999 ) concurs that one of the chief ways to avoid the combative issue of harshness and depend ability is the usage of triangulation. He defines triangulation as looking at the same phenomenon, or research inquiry from more than one information beginning ( p158 ) . Information coming from different angles can be apply to confirm, lucubrate or clear up the research inquiry. Denzin ( 1978 ) besides claims that triangulation bounds personal and methodological prejudice every bit good as enhances the survey s generalizability.The usage of the Markov theoretical account is an built-in strength of the survey. Gonzalez-Perez, Vale, Stearns, and Wordsworth ( 2005 ) argue that the theoretical account s ability to predict comparative effectivity and cost overtime makes it appropriate for patterning chronic intervention options such as RRT.The usage of cost-effectiveness to find QALYs is advantage and the usage of a standardised instrument to mensurate QALY besides strengthens the survey. The 15D is recognised as by and large being a little measuring load to both respondents and rese arch workers. As an rating tool it is exceedingly dependable due to its repeatability of measurings with minimized random mistake. The consequences generated are valid because of the grade of assurance that research workers can put on the illations that are drawn from the tonss. Sintonen ( 2001 ) posits that as an instrument to mensurate cost-effectiveness, it is peculiarly suited for ciphering quality-adjusted life old ages ( QALY ) . Choice prejudice is limited in this survey due to recruiting of the full mark population.This is the firstborn survey of its sort in the part and it does non hold any concern associations, an built-in strength to this survey. It is able to function as a precursor to farther research and therefore is poised to assist organise policies on how cost-effectiveness surveies are done in the part and their application to decision-making in health care.The enlargement of haemodialysis to run into the turning ESRD population, and an increased incidence of di abetic kidney disease in St. Lucia has deductions for the findings of this survey. It is of import that focal point is directed at primary, secondary and third intercessions aimed at cut downing cost of diabetic attention and accordingly complications from diabetes, such as diabetic kidney disease. Primary intercessions are the most efficient. Health publicities to cut down hazard of developing diabetes, which is a hazard factor for ESRD, needs to go portion of the authorization of the Ministry of wellness. A policy on Chronic Diseases developed within the primary health care program that at once exist, would assist steer that focal point.Mann et Al. ( 2010 ) argue cautiousness against population based testing for CKD, and recommend that testing, as a secondary intercession, should concentrate on at hazard populations. Their survey concluded that targeted showing of people with diabetes is associated with an acceptable cost per QALY in publically funded health care systems . Such an attack can be adopted in the wellness system in St. Lucia.While the bulk of cost-effectiveness analysis of intervention modes for diabetic nephropathy focal points on the disease at its latent or progressed phase, Glassock ( 2010 ) noted that a survey by Gearde et Al. ( 2008 ) identified that betimes sensing of diabetic kidney disease and intensive pharmaceutical intercessions are non merely cost effectual but significantly reduces the hazard of ESRD among type 2 diabetics. These findings are replicated in a survey by Keane and Lyle ( 2003 ) and Szucs et Al. ( 2004 ) who found that Losartan reduced the incidence of ESRD among diabetics. They went on to reason that albuminuria which is the single most powerful forecaster of in type 2 diabetes is a simple and cheap showing trial, and early sensing can take to the early disposal of drugs that have been proven to cut down ESRD incidence.Cost-effectiveness analysis is able to supply valuable penetration to prioritising within healt h care and so the findings of this survey is able to supply grounds to back up efficiency in the usage of limited resources. Policy-makers should utilize these findings to look back the determination to spread out the figure of haemodialysis centres in St. Lucia. Further research to place more cost-efficient intervention options would be the first measure to bettering efficiency of resource allotment.The domination of haemodialysis as a intervention mode for ESRD, despite the overplus of surveies that have identified it as the least cost-efficient of RRTs, ( Haller et al. , 2011 Just et al. , 2008, Kontodimopoulos & A Niakas, 2008 ) , provides the wellness sector, with the grounds needed to revise intervention protocols and an chance to improved cost-effectiveness of ESRD intervention. This can be achieved by significantly cut downing the usage of haemodialysis and introducing as an option, peritoneal dialysis which have been cited as being the most effectual of dialysis options. Just et al. cautiousness that the economic sciences of dialysis in the underdeveloped universe, where childbed may be cheaper than the importing of equipment and solutions, may take to the perceptual experience that peritoneal dialysis is more expensive than haemodialysis. They go on to observe that this is non conclusive as there is a famine in economic ratings in developing states to confirm that position. A good developed CKD Care Program is able to significantly cut down the chance of developing ESRD among at hazard populations, every bit good as significantly lower health care costs among ESRD patients, ( Wei et al. , 2010 ) . There is a demand to spread out the services offered by the Renal Unit every bit good as its coverage to assist accomplish that terminal.Decision Conclusion based on findings