Understanding Special Needs Children And Young People Essay

Understanding Special Needs Children And Young People EssayIn this assignment I promise to highlight the minimal brain dys run Disorder likewise show what treatments and supports be available for this special need. I hope to find some local support groups for this checker and withal detail what legislation is in place to deal with special ask.I hope by the end of this assignment I will be after highlighting enough ab show up how difficult families and teachers find it to recognise and live with children who suffer from ADHD.Rational for the ProjectPlan of WorkFor this assignment I will look over the notes Christina Meyler has given me so far.I will also look up the ADHD disorder on the internet.I will also go through the book Assisting Children with Special Needs by Ellis Flood.I hope to get a lot of the assignment done during the mid-term in November and then get some feedback on what I will have done to then.I aim to have it finished and handed up by the 30th November 2012.C ase StudyBrian is an 11 year old boy who has been diagnosed with ADHD. Brian is a bright boy, who is very creative, he has average marks in cultivate. precisely he sufferes from severe distractibility and a lack of organisational skills, all of which affects his school work. Brian would often lie about his school work and this would cause problems at home with his family.The school contacted a therapist and they saw Brian on a regular basis for four months and also held sessions with Brians p arnts. The therapist along with Brians parents and his teachers at school developed a checklist of acceptable deportment programme for Brian. His parents and teachers had to learn proper responses to Brians frequent oppositional behaviour.By doing this Brians behaviour became much manageable for his parents and his teachers, Brians behaviour has become a bit calmer because of this also. Brian now also gets on better at home with his family. He will still have his outbursts but they are not as frequent as they once was the ADHD has become more manageable.Causes of ADHDThe causes of ADHD are not really known at the moment, but there is research been carried out to try and find out what causes it. Some children in America with ADHD have undergone an MRI Scan and the prefrontal cortex and the basal ganglia were found to be smaller than in children who havent ADHD this would indicate that neurophysiological could be the cause of the disorder(www.casestudies-ADHD-children)Also it is believed that children with parents that have ADHD are more likely to develop it so there for ADHD could be hereditary.Diagnosis of Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD)ADHD is usually diagnosed by a qualified psychologist, generally the psychologist will convey information regarding the childs behaviour from the childs parents and teachers at their school. The psychologist will observe the child and give them various tasks to complete, closely observing the childs attention span, ac tivity level and impulse insure with regard to their age.In order to diagnosis ADHD the child must have a sufficient number of difficulties with concentration, activity levels and impulse control. These behaviours must be present in at least two settings usually in the home and at school.The evaluation process will also determine the showcase of ADHD a child has, the psychologist evaluating the child would have to have extensive knowledge and experience of children with the physical body.Treatment of ADHDADHD is usually treated using a combination of stimulant medication and behavioural therapy.MedicationSeveral stimulant mediations are available which help to calm the child down allowing them to bring down their behaviour under control. Many people are surprised to learn that stimulants are given to children with ADHD as these children seem to be over stimulate already but they do work. Ritalin is perhaps the crush known ADHD medication, it has been widely used since its rel ease in 1954. Other medications used are Adderall, Dexedrine and Metadata.Stimulants work by increasing dopamine levels in the brain, the parts whose function is to control attention, motivation, pleasure and movement. By regulating the dopamine levels doctors can bewilder the attention spans and energy levels of the children they are treating.Some children are not able to take stimulation medication because of side effects, there are non-stimulant medications available such(prenominal) as Stiattera, there are not many children on this medication.Behavioural TherapyBehavioural Therapy can be used alone or with medication as described above. Behavioural Therapy is designed to train children to control their hyperactivity and lack of attention. Based on the work of B.F. Skinner desirable behaviour is rewarded but undesirable behaviour is not. An example of this is when a child is asked to do a task, when that task is carried out the child then gets a reward for doing the task, but if they dont complete the task they are not rewarded.PrognosisThere is no cure for ADHD and children with the disorder seldom grow out of it. However many find ways to cope with and adapt to their ADHD as they get older and become adults. Many adults have ADHD and dont even know they have it, it is believed that mand of our prisoners suffer with ADHD. Many adults with ADHD have poor time keeping, they have difficulty completing a task, they would also find it hard to maintain a personal relationship. Others become vacant and have a higher than average incidence of drug and alcohol abuse. In the past in Ireland very few children were diagnosed with ADHD, if they played up they were respectable expelled from school. Now in the schools if there is a problem the teacher and principle will try to find the underlying cause for the childs behaviour. This will mean that in future many more children will be diagnosed early and measures will be put in place quicker to help them manage their c ondition in order to reach their true potential..Support Groups for ADHDSpringborad Family Support programme operated by Youth New Ross Ltd.They hold meetings in my local field of study for parents with children who suffer from ADHD. The group meets every four to five weeks to share their own stories and discuss the problems they come up against on a day to day basis, they also give each other advice on how they deal with the problems they come up against.Waterford ADHD Support, 74 Farren Park, Upper Grange, Waterford. (051) 852171Kilkenny ADHD Support, Jerpoint Abbey, Thomastown, Co.Kilkenny 056) 7754954These are local support groups in my local area that I sourced from the internet.Current LegislationTHE EDUCATIONAL make up 1998This was the starting line piece of legislation passed since the foundation of the state that outlines the governments legal obligations regarding education.The act provided the first legal definition of disabilityThe act provides the first legal definit ion of Special educational NeedsThe act defines what it means by support services.The function of the Minister for education was also defined under this act.THE EDUCATION WELFARE ACT 2000This act ensures all children have a right to attend a regonised school even children with special needs.This act also helped in the creation of the Educational Welfare BoardTHE EDUCATION FOR PERSONS WITH SPECIAL EDUCATIONAL NEEDS ACT 2004This is the most significant piece of legislation relating to special needs in education.The act is extensive and covers the following general areasThe issue of inclusion with regards to children with special needs in mainstream settings.Preparation of individual educational plans for children with special needs.Assessment of special needs.Service provision for children with special educational needs.Appeals.(Ellis Flood 2010 10-17)The Practical and Emotional fix of having a child with ADHDMost parents of children with ADHD face a daily challenge of managing their childs behaviour. Within the home most children with ADHD who are hyperactive have difficulty complying with parental instructions. They get frustrated quickly, interrupt conversations and have a tendency to get into fights with their siblings. Their demanding tendencies can cause problems with their friends who will regard them as been bossy and quick tempered, they can also get violent with their families.Children with ADHD who are not hyperactive and impulsive can drive their parents crazy not so much with what they do but more what they dont do. In this case parents struggle with unfinished homework and major disorganization. They are often described as being passive and shy in relationships.Conclusions and RecommendationsWhile carrying out this assignment, I did not realise how having a child with ADHD could affect the family home, I also didnt realise how many children suffer with attention deficit hyperactivity Disorder it is getting fairly common among children. I think th is is mainly due to more doctors and teachers been more aware of the condition, so and then it is getting diagnosed quicker. This is a good thing because more people will be made aware of the condition and therefore will learn how to deal with it and more supports will be put in place quicker.I feel I have done the best of my ability in carrying out this assignment, and I am pleased with what I have accomplished.

Networked Game Issues

Networked Game IssuesNetwork Issues and how they affect gameyplay and interactivityA network is when two or more than computers have a digital partnership between them, particular in networked multi imposter games the players argon physiologicly separated from each other. Networks allow users clients to communicate by burdening bits of info through the internet of the take form of piles, these will then build on top of the internet protocol, and this in terms means that if a software program sent using UDP or transmission control protocol a specific IP address then receives the packet. (Armitage, Claypool and Branch, 2006) Unlike networking in this day and age games such as Doom was played through a LAN connecter (Local Area Network) which at the time used an IPX protocol. An IPX protocol doesnt require a constant familiarity between the exchanges of packets.o1Appendix a1 displays the required layers of hardware and software that Doom required to be run across a network.Th e Topologies that Doom used for LAN partnership, the figure on left in addition a2 is an Ethernet connection that has computers attached to it acting as peers and the figure on the right also in extension a2 is similar to the left figure. All players received a message every 35th of a second that recorded all the players inputs across peer-to-peer network. (Armitage, Claypool and Branch, 2006)Packets are carried all over the internet using networks(Armitage, Claypool and Branch, 2006), the time it takes to propagate a packet of data from a source to its destination is latency, as standard latency will below 150ms (milliseconds) and wont go to a higher place 150ms. A packet must then travel back to the source which results in a round trip time which john take twice as long as the latency i.e. 50ms latency 100ms round trip time. The game world of warcraft consists of two latencies a home and a world latency, home is the connection to the realm waiter which can include in game chat data, world refers to the world of warcraft servers this in term transmit all other data i.e. combat, nearby players (even if they are non on a users screen and NPCs. The latency will increase greatly when visiting highly populated areas because so ofttimes data is being transmitted. In online games there are m most(prenominal) common issues that will cause high ping and latency these could involve wireless issues, packet loss, download speed, firewalls, routers that arent configured correctly i.e. closed ports, QoS and Traffic management where packet queuing is being performed and net link saturation (an issue caused by a users ISP that causes connection issues between a users client and a game server).Congestion is usually the main source of packet jitter, enumerateing if the network has been provisioned correctly congestion can encounter at the router interface, in a provider or a carrier network. A User has access to the router, therefore it is the easiest and best pla ce to aiming time in determining jitter at the router end to track down the source of the jitter depends entirely on the encapsulation.o2 (Ankit, 2012)Latency in online multiplayer games can change due to jitter where different paths are chosen constantly during streams of traffic. While online bid a high speed internet connection is recommended to avoid jitter preferably using an Ethernet c equal to(p) to reduce latency because it is nigh immune to interference.Packet Loss usually has four main causes that will occur these are congestion, device performance, software issues on a device, faulty hardwareo3 the setoff one being link congestion is when a users data needs to be transferred across more devices and links, a link can be at full capacity when the data arrives at must wait before being sent also called queuing. A network device may start to discard education when it doesnt have enough room for data to queue, information being discarded will most likely never be noti ce by the user, many applications can easily discard information and still easily handle data queuing.A users router may not be able to keep up with the traffic that is being transferred this could be due to a switch, firewall or closed ports. Opening ports on a router allows a networked device connected to the router accessible from outside of the local network i.e. other computers and network devices, this benefits gaming greatly where other players can send and receive data with hardly any interference, usually if a port is closed for a certain game a users gaming experience will suffer. Apparently a routers firmware can cause packet loss during gaming according to Netgear community forum, a user was experiencing severe packet loss across many games and after essay altering game settings, router settings and calling his ISP provider multiple times ended up calling Netgear where they recommended using an older firmware on his router and solved his packet loss problem. o4Software on a networked device can cause packet loss if the software hasnt been configured correctly, these bugs can usually be frame using a system log or troubleshooting. While software can cause issues so can faulty hardware and cabling resulting in more packet loss,Bandwidth is measured in bits per second, modern day network devices can possibly support up to billions of bits worth of data rates. Slow internet connection is a common cause of low bandwidth, this can be insufficient bandwidth provided by an ISP. In normal terms bandwidth is when a connection has a limited amount of data that can be transferred. Not only does a slow internet connection cause low bandwidth plainly there are other causes that can happen inwardly a house hold i.e. streaming videos on get via Netflix or any other on demand provider, downloading files from the internet or in the context of games that require numerous large updates while these can affect the bandwidth any user that has a home security syste m which needs a constant stream of data i.e. security footage will also cause bandwidth issues. 5To avoid bottlenecking for users on the same network the above issues should only be performed when network traffic is low. (Smed, Kaukoranta and Hakonen, 2002) Although there are ways to try and prevent bandwidth issues, packet aggregations is used to combine many packets being transferred unitedly in to one larger packet in order to reduce the bandwidth requirements. Depending on the size of the data in the original packets, the packet headers size and how many combined packets there are bandwidth savings can be substantial. The number of combined packets can be determined with two different modes timeout-based method and quorum-based method for timeout-based method before a fixed interval all packets are originated and then become one. An upper bound interval is guaranteed due to the aggregation give give thanks to this method. The worst thing that can happen with this method is n o bandwidth savings are achieved. A certain number of packets are always combined in the quorum method, the number is usually fixed. The transmission delay is not guaranteed because the method is postponed until enough packets have been initiated. The users experience can suffer because of the extended delays in transmission. Both methods have limitations but can each be compensated for when combined (Smed, Kaukoranta and Hakonen, 2002).Internet download speed has always been somewhat of an issue in online gaming where some players can have a slight dis proceeds over others, for example Call of Duty 4 selected a Host player at the start of each match if the player had a slow connection all other players were affected except the host thus the term host advantage was given.The graphical record in appendix a3 displays the just connection and average peak connection in megabits per second across the globe for 2015. From the data we can profit that Singapore has the highest peak connec tion speed compared to the United Kingdom is less than half of the peak connection. Singapore may have the highest peak connection but the average connection is dominated by South Korea, their internet connection is years ahead of most of countries some not far behind. Again in 2015 the United Kingdom has almost half the speed of South Korea thus leading us to believe that South Korea is a nation of exceptional gamers thanks to their powerful intent connection.The above graph in appendix a4 displays the average internet connection for the UK in megabits between March 2013 and March 2016. In those 3 years we can see from the data that the connection speed has more than doubled which gives us an insight that in the next 3 years the average connection speed could double again.MMO Development Discussion and Algorithmic Techniques to Support ScalabilityThere are several things we need to take into account when converting our game to an MMOScalability accomplishmentSecurityThe client need s to communicate with the sever using the game protocol to update the status of other clients at the same time within the virtual game environment things updated include position, health and client name (Yoon and Ng, 2011). First we would need to create a database and link in up to the game sever so that players can register, theres no need for character creation because each client is assigned a character however they could have an personification name. The name they enter would then need to be checked if it exists within the database using a for each loop to determine if it does then prompt the player to try a new name. Once registered, a player can login in using their credentials i.e. username and password and again that would be checked in the database using a for each loop.An overall translucent text box can be used for chat between players this could update on the server side and be sent to all clients. A client enders a message sends it to the server and sends it back to al l clients. Another thing that could be include is a friends list that would save a players username in a clients friends list only if both clients come to an agreement. We could then introduce an instant message selection that would appear in a clients chat box that would be rendered a different colour from normal chat if sent from a friend. See appendix a5 to see how the game would handle and request information that would be between client and game server.To allow scalability we need to distribute servers onto multiple physical severs, a certain number of gaming severs would be distributed onto physical servers, a gaming server would then handle many more connected players than a physical server, if too many players are on a game server the performance will decrease and render the game unplayable, performance will depend the processing power of the servers and the available bandwidth. o5For security we would use encryption, this is so 3rd parties cant view data, both parties are who they say they are i.e. client and server and the data hasnt been modified. We should assume that a user or an attacker can view information that has been sent to the client so the server shouldnt send information that the user should not be able to see i.e. user credentials, client shouldnt really be relied upon for security because an attacker can send pretty overmuch any command they want to a user.o6 The server should handle pretty much all validation and error checks etc., the client should basically just send a message that they are attacking with a certain item so the sever knows to calculate a certain dps (damage per second). Encryption will not work on someone that uses a bot or deterministic movement to send commands to the server, for example using a seeded random number seed will give the same results over and over again which can be extremely good for grinding a quest or a different seeded number generator for say combat where random attacks are used when they are available.Appendixa1 epitome was taken from (Armitage, Claypool and Branch, 2006) paper on Networking and Online Games.a2 Figure was taken from (Armitage, Claypool and Branch, 2006) paper on Networking and Online Games.a3 Data taken from https//en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=List_of_countries_by_Internet_connection_speedsoldid=758974262 and entered into an excel spreadsheet to produce the grapha4 Data taken from (Jackson, 2016) and entered into a spreadsheet to produce the grapha5 (Yoon and Ng, 2011)References1Armitage, G., Claypool, M. and Branch, P., 2006. Networking and online games understanding and engineering multiplayer Internet games. John Wiley Sons2 Jackson, M. (2016). Ofcom 2016 Report Average UK Home Broadband Speeds Reach 28.9Mbps ISPreview UK. online Ispreview.co.uk. Available at http//www.ispreview.co.uk/index.php/2016/03/ofcom-2016-report-average-uk-home-broadband-speeds-reach-28-9mbps.html Accessed 20 Mar. 2017.4 Smed, J., Kaukoranta, T. and Hakonen, H., 2002 . A review on networking and multiplayer computer games (pp. 1-5). Turku Centre for Computer Science.5 Packetworks.net. (2015). Low Bandwidth Means Slow Network Performance Packetworks. online Available at http//www.packetworks.net/blog/low-bandwidth-means-slow-network-performance.htm Accessed 20 Mar. 2017.6 Ankit. (2012). What are causes of Jitter in gaming and how to find and deal with it. online Available at http//www.techulator.com/resources/6255-What-causes-Jitter-gaming-how-find-deal-with.aspx Accessed 20 Mar. 2017.7 Yoon, I. and Ng, G., 2011. Developing a MMORPG game in One Semester. In The 2011 International Conference on Frontiers in Education Computer Science and Computer Engineering.o1http//searchnetworking.techtarget.com/definition/IPXo2http//www.cisco.com/c/en/us/support/docs/voice/voice-quality/18902-jitter-packet-voice.htmltopic3o3http//www.annese.com/blog/what-causes-packet-losso4https//community.netgear.com/t5/Nighthawk-WiFi-Routers/Packet-loss-during-gaming/td-p/1 097304o5http//jayurbain.com/msoe/se3250/slides/se3250-L15-MMO-game-architecture.pdfo6http//stackoverflow.com/questions/4307149/should-a-mmorpg-use-encryption

Gun Rights vs Gun Control Essay -- right to bear arms, gun laws

The continuing Mass Shootings in the unite States has caused the gun control debate to intensify. spell anti-gun control advocates say the Second Amendment guarantees each individual the right to deport arms, the pro-gun control group reads the Second Amendment as a collective right to bear arms meaning organized militia are the only ones with that right. This essay will analyse the effectiveness of several different articles which present arguments for and against gun control. Charles W. pitmans article, Gun Control in America An Autopsy Report, dives into the controversial topic of gun ownership and gun control in the United States. He uses recent shootings, including the George Zimmerman racing shell and the Connecticut elementary school shooting, to present his case that gun violence will remain in the United States as long as guns remain high in number and low in regulation. Collier states that if Americans did not intend the consequences of holding an army with almost unb ounded access to firearms, they would start demanding laws to control the gun violenceBut changes of this magnitude are hardly to be expectednot in a add where a one-gun-per-month purchase limit counts as boldeven pioneeringlegislation. (The debate over assault weapons and high-capacity magazines, after all, is not about whether people will be killed it is about how many will be killed, and how quickly). (81)Collier writes his article in a pessimistic view of the future of gun regulation. He uses logos in the quote above by using deductive reasoning. Collier writes about the generalization that any gun legislation should be unexpected because the specific case of the one-gun-per-month purchase limit. Collier uses pathos heavily throughout the a... ...additional information concerning gun control, the reader is left to make his or her educated opinion. Works CitedCountering The Gun buttonhole With Data. Bloomberg Businessweek 4347 (2013) 10. Business Source Premier. Web. 10 Feb. 2 015.Enforcement of Gun Control Laws. Guns in American Society An Encyclopedia of History, Politics, Culture and the Law. N.p. ABC-CLIO, 2003. Credo Reference. 16 July 2008. Web. 10 Feb. 2015. Gun Control. Guns in American Society An Encyclopedia of History, Politics, Culture and the Law. N.p. ABC-CLIO, 2003. Credo Reference. 16 July 2008. Web. 10 Feb. 2015. Collier, Charles W. Gun Control In America An Autopsy Report. Dissent (00123846) 60.3 (2013) 81-86. Academic look to Premier. Web. 8 Feb. 2015.Gun Control Overview. Congressional Digest 92.3 (2013) 3-7. Academic Search Premier. Web. 9 Feb. 2014.

A Comparison of Communism versus Capitalism Essay -- Compare Contrast

A Comparison of Communism versus Capitalism Communism versus Capitalism is a debate that has raged on for over two centuries. Whether to wholeow everyone disturb opportunities and to do with those opportunities as they please or to mandate strain equality in order to keep peace has in itself been the cause of wars. Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels saw the works class of the world--the proletariat--being squashed by the greedy business makeers--the bourgeoisie. In their view, the bourgeoisie owned too much and the proletariat had no chance to make their own fortunes. In Marx and Engels Communist Manifesto, they propose doing away with private property, nationality, and even countries in order to take power away from the bourgeoisie. However, according to Samuel Smiles, it is the laziness of the working class and the poor that put them in that position. Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels would adamantly disagree.There is a different underlying thought in each idea that the authors rely upon for their argument. For Smiles it is the idea that everyone has all the opportunities in the w...

Dandelion Information :: essays research papers fc

Scientific name -Kingdom-Plantea, Phylum- Tracheophyta, Class- Angiospermae, Order- Asterales, Family- Asteraceca, Genus- Taraxacum, Species- officialeDescription - The Taraxacum officiale is a perennial herbaceous plant that grows from two to eighteen inches tall they be a stem less plant and all parts of the plant contain a milky juice. The leaves are an olive or a dull yellowish color, and smooth with ridged edges where it got its common name, blowball from the French words "dent de lion" which means lions tooth. The stalks are simple smooth, brittle and hollow. The flowers are one and a half-inch wide and a golden yellow color. The flower blooms from April to August, from 6am to 8pm. They have taproots that can grow up to three feet long in soft soil. There are about 150 to 200 flowerets that are strap shaped that make up the flower.Habitat - Their habitat is in the Northern Temperate Zones located in Europe and Asia. Then the colonists from Europe brought in to Amer ica. The plant usually grows lawns.Life cycle - The life cycle of the dandelion is when the self-aggrandizing is mature enough the flowerets turn into seeds with a fluff on it. This fluff enables the seed to be picked up the wind to carry it away from the parent plant.Importance - The dandelion has many little known uses to people. Like the roots are bitter, but they can be boiled put into salads when they are young, or they can be used as potherbs. The roots can be roasted and used as a substitute for coffee. The milky juice is used in about tonics for disorders in the digestive system and the liver. The flower stalks can be yields some rubber in the form of threads.

Essay on Tom in The Glass Menagerie -- Glass Menagerie essays

The Character of Tom in The Glass Menagerie Tom Wingfield has a dual role in The Glass Menagerie. The first Tom is the narrator, who introduces his second self, the character. In his fifth soliloquy, Tom the narrator indicates that time has detached him from the drama, for time is the longest distance between 2 places (Williams 1568). In the closing soliloquy Tom recounts how he lives and re-lives the story in his memory, though he is detached from the participants in the original affair. Like his father, a hollo small-arm who fell in love with long distances, (Williams 1523), Tom has fallen in love with the long distance that is time. Tom is a sensitive, artistic man who is forced by circumstances into a phenomenological situation. He is compelled to live and re-live the situation of the play, in which he sought for and found what he believed to be freedom. Although he escapes the situation, he does not find freedom his consciousness forces him to dwell upon the situation until he finds meaning in it. Because Mr. Wingfield, Laura, Amanda, and Jim are parts of ...

Nothing in Common :: Personal Narrative Essays

Nothing in Common After 19 historic period of marriage I decided it was time to try living on my own. It took another year and a half for me to actually do it. I had marry my husband when I was barely out of high school and promptly gave birth to three sons in rapid succession. I wont go into the details of those 19 years. My husband was a good husband and an okay father. After about 10 years I realized that we were two completely different pack with absolutely nothing in common except for our sons. Moving out was the most devastating and liberating thing that I ever did. I first set out myself up in a small above-garage apartment. I had no furniture except my bed and my computer. My first night there I sat in the empty living room listening to the sirens in downtown Lake Worth, a far cry from the peaceful cocks crowing in Jupiter Farms. The emotions running through me were a strange and horrible mix of elation, sorrow, and fear. What had I done? After a a few( prenominal) weeks I began to settle in. I had a full-time job with FPL, I saw my sons often, and I discovered the joy of solitude - something I hadnt known in a very long while with three boys and their friends always nether foot. In the mornings I would have a cup of coffee on my balcony and then take a walk to the Intercoastal, which was only two blocks from my apartment. My chaotic brain started to slowly heal and slow down to a peaceful pace. In the silence of that apartment I had plenty of opportunity to look hard at myself. I took advantage of the silence and finished writing the two books on healthcare and childcare in the late 1800s that I had barely begun a few years before. Those two books were published a year later. I renewed my love of poetry and spent hours reading the works of Pound, Rich, Atwood, and others. I decided to buckle under to college. I spent four months in my sanctuary over the garage. Then I went home. Everyone thought I would be the same , that life would be the same.